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2 years ago

What is the reason carbon atoms are the most versatile building blocks of the molecules used by living organisms?

Chemistry

1 answer:

WITCHER [35]2 years ago

4 0

Explanation:

Atomic number of carbon is 6. So, 4 valence electrons are present.

Therefore, it can form 4 covalent bonds with varying bond angles by sharing its valence electrons.

Catenation is also an important property of carbon. Catenation is bonding with atoms of same element. Carbon skeleton can be formed in any direction and can vary in length, branching, and ring structure.

Elements required for making most of the molecules in living organisms are:

C, H, N, O, P and S

Carbon easily form covalents with other 5 elements.

These properties make carbon most versatile building blocks of the molecules used by living organisms.

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Hydrogen atoms absorb energy so that the electrons are excited to n=4. Calculate the wavelength, in

FromTheMoon [43]

Answer:

the wavelength, in nm, of the photon is 487.5 nm

Explanation:

Given:

n = 4 (excited)

n = 2 (relaxes)

Question: Calculate the wavelength, in nm, λ = ?

First, it is important to calculate the energy of the electron when it excited and then when it relaxes.

$E_{1} =\frac{-13.6}{n^{2} } =\frac{-13.6}{4^{2} } =-0.85eV$ (excited)

$E_{2} =\frac{-13.6}{2^{2} } =-3.4eV$ (relaxes)

The change of energy

ΔE = E₁ - E₂=-0.85 - (-3.4) = 2.55 eV = 4.08x10⁻¹⁹J

For a photon, the wavelength emitted

$\lambda =\frac{hc}{delta(E)}$

Here

h = Planck's constant = 6.63x10⁻³⁴J s

c = speed of light = 3x10⁸m/s

Substituting values:

$\lambda =\frac{6.63x10^{-34}*3x10^{8} }{4.08x10^{-19} } =4.875x10^{-7} m=487.5nm$

8 0

2 years ago

Guess how many water molecules self-ionize in one liter of water! a) 7 moles b) 1 mole c) 10,000,000 moles d) 0.0000001 moles

Rudiy27

Answer:

Explanation:

This seems like a weird question

Water is held together by covalent bonds. The amount of energy required to break these bonds so that water would split into it's respective ions is pretty high. The chances that any one of the molecules floating in 1L of water get enough energy to spontaneously burst into it's ions is slim to none.

So, D) seems like the most likely answer

6 0

2 years ago

Acetone major species present when dissolved in water

jek_recluse [69]

Answer: acetone molecule ( CH₃-CO-CH₃)

Explanation:

1) Acetone is CH₃-CO-CH₃

2) That is a molecule (build up of covalent bonds).

3) When dissolved, covalent bonded compounds remain as separate molecules, then it is said that the major species present in the solution is the molecule. The molecules of acetone are surrounded (sovated) by the molecules of water.

This as opposed to the case of ionic compounds that ionize. When a compound as NaCl dissolves in water, it ionizes completely, so the major speceies are not NaCl formulas, but the ions Na⁺ and Cl⁻, not molecules.

That leads to the answer: the major species present when acetone is dissolved in water is the molecules of acetone (you do not need to state the fact that the molecules of water are part of the solution, because that is not the target of the question).

3 0

3 years ago

Rank the following elements by effective nuclear charge, Zeff, for a valence electron. F LI Be B N

Stels [109]

Answer:

Rank in increasing order of effective nuclear charge:

Li < Be < B < N < F

Explanation:

This explains the meaning of effective nuclear charge, Zeff, how to determine it, and the calculations for a valence electron of each of the five given elements: F, Li, Be, B, and N.

1) Effective nuclear charge definitions

While the total positive charge of the atom nucleus (Z) is equal to the number of protons, the electrons farther away from the nucleus experience an effective nuclear charge (Zeff) less than the total nuclear charge, due to the fact that electrons in between the nucleus and the outer electrons partially cancel the atraction from the nucleus.

Such effect on on a valence electron is estimated as the atomic number less the number of electrons closer to the nucleus than the electron whose effective nuclear charge is being determined: Zeff = Z - S.

2) Z eff for a F valence electron:

F's atomic number: Z = 9
Total number of electrons: 9 (same numer of protons)
Period: 17 (search in the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
Number of valence electrons: 7 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 9 - 7 = 2
Zeff = Z - S = 9 - 2 = 7

3) Z eff for a Li valence eletron:

Li's atomic number: Z = 3
Total number of electrons: 3 (same number of protons)
Period: 1 (search on the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
Number of valence electrons: 1 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 3 - 1 = 2
Z eff = Z - S = 3 - 2 = 1.

4) Z eff for a Be valence eletron:

Be's atomic number: Z = 4
Total number of electrons: 4 (same number of protons)
Period: 2 (search on the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
Number of valence electrons: 2 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 4 - 2 = 2
Z eff = Z - S = 4 - 2 = 2

5) Z eff for a B valence eletron:

B's atomic number: Z = 5
Total number of electrons: 5 (same number of protons)
Period: 13 (search on the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
Number of valence electrons: 3 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 5 - 3 = 2
Z eff = Z - S = 5 - 2 = 3

6) Z eff for a N valence eletron:

N's atomic number: Z = 7
Total number of electrons: 7 (same number of protons)
Period: 15 (search on the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
Number of valence electrons: 5 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 7 - 5 = 2
Z eff = Z - S = 7 - 2 = 5

7) Summary (order):

Atom Zeff for a valence electron

Li 1

Be 2

Conclusion: the order is Li < Be < B < N < F

6 0

2 years ago

Currents at the surface of the ocean are

lakkis [162]

Answer:

D. The mixing of warm and cold water

Explanation:

5 0

3 years ago