If you follow the octet rule, you know that an element must have 8 outside (or valence) electrons to be energetically favorable.
In CCl4, the carbon molecule forms four bonds; one for each chlorine atom. Each bond contains 2 electrons, so it is satisfied.
In PCl3, Phosphorous forms only 3 bonds with chlorine, which means in order to have 8 valence electrons, it also has a lone pair of electrons, not bonded with chlorine.
Now, in CCl4, picture the shape of the molecule like a plus sign, with the carbon in the middle and the chlorine at the four ends. It is symmetrical, and therefore is nonpolar.
In PCl3, the lone pair electrons <em>push</em>, so to speak, the 3 chlorine atoms away, making a T-shaped molecule. Since the chlorine is more electronegative than carbon, the molecule is unbalenced, making it polar.
Answer:
The heat of vaporization describes how much energy is needed to separate these bonds. Water has a high heat of vaporization because hydrogen bonds form readily between the oxygen of one molecule and the hydrogens of other molecules. These bonds hold the molecules together.
Explanation:
Answer:
1) Without our atmosphere we wouldn't have life! The atmosphere protects our earth from letting harmful substances or rocks into our planet, which could cause damage.
2) You interact with the atmosphere in both good ways and bad. You interact by putting up things like flowers and trees, but in bad ways by releasing bad things (like carbon dioxide) and by light pollution!
3) The factors that can affect climate of an area, by latitude and longitude!
Explanation:
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I'm pretty sure the answer would be that the metal is conductive, which travels through the copper wires.
