Answer:
Experiments to determine mechanisms involve looking at indirect evidence to help support or disprove a proposed mechanism.
Most intermediates are not typically isolated to determine reaction mechanisms.
Carbocations are very reactive and are typically not isolated for analysis.
Scientists can prove that a specific mechanism exists.
Evidence of intermediates sometimes can be seen using techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Explanation:
The study of reaction mechanism and chemical kinetics often form the main thrust of study in organic, inorganic and physical chemistry.
We often want to know the actual processes involved in the conversion of one specie to another. Unfortunately, this information may have to be obtained indirectly by certain chemical reactions or by the use of new instrumental methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Many organic reactions have carbocation intermediates. These carbocations are relatively short-lived and are transient intermediates which are rarely isolated unless they are isolated in a molecular cage using a macromolecule or in superacids.
By intensive study, scientists can proof or disprove the authenticity of any proposed mechanism.
We must know that a transition state has partial bonds. It is often an extremely short-lived specie which cannot be isolated.
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
The lower the pH the greater the concentration of H+ ions. Hydrochloric acid with a pH of 1 is a strong acid and is highly ionised in solution. It has the most H+ ions
This question includes four answer choices:
A. definite volume, highest molecular motion, highest kinetic energy
B. indefinite volume, least molecular motion, highest kinetic energy
C. definite volume, least molecular motion, lowest kinetic energy
D. definite volume, no molecular motion, lowest kinetic energy
Solids do not have the highest molecular motion (on the contrary they have the least molecular motion), so you can discard option A. Solids have a definite volume and the highest kinetic energy (given that they have the least molecular motion), so you discard option C. Molecules always have a vibrational motion, so you discard option D. Option C, have only characteristics that correctly describes a solid: definite volume, least molecular motion, lowest kinetic energy. Therefore, the answer is the option C.
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Answer:
156 g
Explanation:
Let's consider the following reaction.
2 NaN₃(s) → 2 Na(s) + 3 N₂
(g)
We can find the moles of N₂ using the ideal gas equation.
P × V = n × R × T
1.50 atm × 60.0 L = n × (0.08206 atm.L/mol.K) × 305 K
n = 3.60 mol
The molar ratio of N₂ to NaN₃ is 3:2. The moles of NaN₃ are:
3.60 mol N₂ × (2 mol NaN₃ / 3 mol N₂) = 2.40 mol NaN₃
The molar mass of NaN₃ is 65.01 g/mol. The mass of NaN₃ is:
2.40 mol × 65.01 g/mol = 156 g
