<u>Answer:</u> The mass defect for the formation of phosphorus-31 is 0.27399
<u>Explanation:</u>
Mass defect is defined as the difference in the mass of an isotope and its mass number.
The equation used to calculate mass defect follows:
![\Delta m=[(n_p\times m_p)+(n_n\times m_n)]-M](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20m%3D%5B%28n_p%5Ctimes%20m_p%29%2B%28n_n%5Ctimes%20m_n%29%5D-M)
where,
= number of protons
= mass of one proton
= number of neutrons
= mass of one neutron
M = mass number of element
We are given:
An isotope of phosphorus which is 
Number of protons = atomic number = 15
Number of neutrons = Mass number - atomic number = 31 - 15 = 16
Mass of proton = 1.00728 amu
Mass of neutron = 1.00866 amu
Mass number of phosphorus = 30.973765 amu
Putting values in above equation, we get:
![\Delta m=[(15\times 1.00728)+(16\times 1.00866)]-30.973765\\\\\Delta m=0.27399](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20m%3D%5B%2815%5Ctimes%201.00728%29%2B%2816%5Ctimes%201.00866%29%5D-30.973765%5C%5C%5C%5C%5CDelta%20m%3D0.27399)
Hence, the mass defect for the formation of phosphorus-31 is 0.27399
The bacteria in nasty environment undergoes multiple fission.
<h3><u>Explanation</u>:</h3>
The bacteria is a unicellular prokaryotic organisms that are found in each and every places of the world. They can survive in extremes of temperatures and pH. They can save themselves through special processes in the extreme climates.
The bacteria undergoes multiple fission in these climates. They cover themselves up with a strong and tough capsule inside which they undergo several Binary fissions. This leads to the formation of multiple cells enclosed with a capsule.
With the return of the favourable climate, the capsule rupture and these newly formed cells come out.
Answer:
2. Igneous rocks can weather, creating sediments that form sedimentary rocks
Explanation:
Sedimentary rocks are formed from Igneous rocks when rocks are broken down by weathering.
Answer:
H2 > N2 > Ar > CO2
Explanation:
Graham's law explains why some gases efuse faster than others. This is due to the difference i their molar mass. Generally; The rate of effusion of gaseous substances is inversely proportional to the square rot of its molar mass.
This means gases with low molar masses would have higher efusion rate compared to gases with higher molar masses.
So now we just need to compare the molar masses of the various gases;
Ar - 39.95
CO2 - 44.01
H2 - 2
N2 - 28.01
To obtain the order in increasing rate, we have to order the gases in decreasing molar mass. This order of increasing rate is given as;
H2 > N2 > Ar > CO2
<u>Answer:</u> The specific heat of metal is 0.821 J/g°C
<u>Explanation:</u>
When metal is dipped in water, the amount of heat released by metal will be equal to the amount of heat absorbed by water.
The equation used to calculate heat released or absorbed follows:
![m_1\times c_1\times (T_{final}-T_1)=-[m_2\times c_2\times (T_{final}-T_2)]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m_1%5Ctimes%20c_1%5Ctimes%20%28T_%7Bfinal%7D-T_1%29%3D-%5Bm_2%5Ctimes%20c_2%5Ctimes%20%28T_%7Bfinal%7D-T_2%29%5D)
......(1)
where,
q = heat absorbed or released
= mass of metal = 30 g
= mass of water = 100 g
= final temperature = 25°C
= initial temperature of metal = 110°C
= initial temperature of water = 20.0°C
= specific heat of metal = ?
= specific heat of water = 4.186 J/g°C
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
![30\times c_1\times (25-110)=-[100\times 4.186\times (25-20)]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=30%5Ctimes%20c_1%5Ctimes%20%2825-110%29%3D-%5B100%5Ctimes%204.186%5Ctimes%20%2825-20%29%5D)
Hence, the specific heat of metal is 0.821 J/g°C
