The chemical equation representing the first ionization energy for lithium is given by;
Li → Li + e-
<h2>Further Explanation; </h2><h3>Ionization energy</h3>
- Ionization energy is the energy required to remove outermost electrons from the outermost energy level. Energy is required to remove an electron from an atom.
- The closer an electron is to the nucleus the more energy is required, since the electron is more tightly bound to the atom thus making it more difficult to remove, hence higher ionization energy.
- Ionization energy increases across the periods and decreases down the group from top to bottom.
- Additionally, the ionization energy increases with subsequent removal of a second or a third electron.
<h3>First ionization energy </h3>
- This is the energy required to remove the first electron from the outermost energy level of an atom.
- Energy needed to remove the second electron to form a divalent cation is called the second ionization energy.
<h3>Trends in ionization energy </h3><h3>1. Down the group(top to bottom)</h3>
- Ionization energy decreases down the groups in the periodic table from top to bottom.
- It is because as you move down the group the number of energy levels increases making the outermost electrons get further from the nucleus reducing the strength of attraction to the nucleus.
- This means less energy will be required compared to an atoms of elements at the top of the groups.
<h3>2. Across the period (left to right)</h3>
- Ionization energy increases across the period from left to right.
- This can be explained by an increase in nuclear energy as extra protons are added to the nucleus across the period increasing the strength of attraction of electrons to the nucleus.
- Consequently, more energy is needed to remove electrons from the nucleus.
Keywords: Ionization energy, periodic table, energy levels, electrons
<h3>Learn more about</h3>
Level: High school
Subject: Chemistry
Topic: Periodic table and chemical families
Sub-topic: Ionization energy
Answer:
Newton's Second Law
Explanation:
Newton's second law basically states that the acceleration of a body which is produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of net force applied in the same direction.
This tells us that
F is directly proportional to a
⇒ F= ma
So we can also state from the above equation, that when we have more mass, we need more net force to accelerate it. Here, we are keeping the acceleration constant so we can surely say that force and mass varies directly.
Therefore, we have made good use of Newton's Second Law of motion to arrive at this conclusion.
Yes, the atomic radius increases as you move down a group of elements.
this is true
going down leads to valence electrons that are further away from nucleus -> less electrostatic attraction -> less pull towards nuc. -> greater radius/volume taken
C and D
surface water is evaporated by the sun and concentrated the ocean salt and oceans are diluted when rivers flow into them
Answer:
heroic
Explanation:
Bayer, a German pharmaceutical company, named the substance it synthesized "heroin", probably from the word heroisch, German for heroic, because in field studies people using the medicine felt "heroic".
BTW, I found this information on this wedsite: https://www.answers.com/Q/Where_did_heroin_get_its_name
Also, if you want some more history about this drug, you can visit this article: https://www.narconon.org/drug-information/heroin-history.html
