In ionic bonds, one atom gives one or more electrons to another atom so both can get closer to 8 valence electrons. Example: In potassium chloride (KCl), Potassium gives up one valence electron to chlorine, so that the outer shell of potassium has 8 valence electrons. This happens only between metals and nonmetals.
In covalent bonds, atoms share their electrons to reach 8 valence electrons. Example: In water (H2O), Oxygen shares one valence electron with one atom of hydrogen, and another valence electron with another atom of hydrogen. Oxygen now has 8 (4 unshared + 2 of its own + 1 from hydrogen + 1 from hydrogen), and each hydrogen has 2 valence electrons: one of its own and one from oxygen [ note that hydrogen only needs 2 valence electrons to be complete instead of 8].
In metallic bonds between metals, the valence electrons move much more freely than in other bonds. This free characteristic makes metals how they are: ductile, malleable, sectile, conductive, etc.
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The answer should be (4) they are negative subatomic particles and are found surrounding the nucleus. The nucleus is formed by neutrons and protons. Neutrons are neutral and protons are positive.
B. Those who could not be broken down chemically anymore than they already were
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the branch of science that deals with the identification of the substances of which matter is composed; the investigation of their properties and the ways in which they interact, combine, and change; and the use of these processes to form new substances
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