Define ""acidity"" of an aqueous solution. How do you compare the strength of acidity of solutions ?
1 answer:
Answer with Explanation:
The acidity of an aqueous solution is a term used to identify how acidic the solution is. An acidic solution is a solution in which the concentration of hydrogen ions is greater than the concentration of hydroxide ions. In the other case around if the concentration of hydrogen ions is lesser than the concentration of hydroxide ions the solution is termed to be basic or alkaline. For a solution with equal concentration of hydrogen and hydroxide ions the solution is termed to be neutral.
The acidity of solutions is compared on the basis of the concentration of the hydrogen ions reduced to log of base 10 to ease calculations. The comparison is made in terms of 'pH' value which is defined as
where
is the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution in moles per liter of solution.
If the pH is < 7 the solution is acidic and the closer the pH value to 1 the higher is the acidity of the solution.
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Answer:
Yes, fracture will occur
Explanation:
Half length of internal crack will be 4mm/2=2mm=0.002m
To find the dimensionless parameter, we use critical stress crack propagation equation
and making Y the subject
Where Y is the dimensionless parameter, a is half length of crack, K is plane strain fracture toughness, is critical stress required for initiating crack propagation. Substituting the figures given in question we obtain
When the maximum internal crack length is 6mm, half the length of internal crack is 6mm/2=3mm=0.003m
and making K the subject
and substituting 260 MPa for
while a is taken as 0.003m and Y is already known
Therefore, fracture toughness at critical stress when maximum internal crack is 6mm is 42.455 Mpa and since it’s greater than 40 Mpa, fracture occurs to the material