Answer:
B
Explanation:
First of all it is important to know that a half filled orbital is particularly stable. In phosphorus all the electrons occur singly in the 3p sublevel minimizing inter electronic repulsion hence it is more difficult to remove an electron from this energetically stable arrangement. In sulphur, electrons are paired in one of the 3p orbitals thereby lowering the energy of that level due to instability caused by interelectronic repulsion between two electrons in the same orbital.
Answer: The correct answer is "refrigeration".
Explanation:
Refrigeration is the process of rejecting heat from low temperature reservoir and transfers it to high temperature reservoir. Here, the heat is taken from the colder body and reject it to hotter body. The sink is at the lower temperature. The source is at the higher temperature.
In heat engine, the heat is transferred from high temperature reservoir to the low temperature reservoir. It is just opposite of the refrigeration.
Therefore, going against the natural flow of heat and moving thermal energy from a low temperature to a high temperature is refrigeration.
A gas is assumed to behave ideally if it follows the following assumptions:
Gas particles are very tiny so their volume is negligible. So they are considered that do not have a volume.Gas particles move at a constant motion, which means that they do not collide.Gas particles do not interact with each other, therefore, there will be no attraction or repulsion between each other.These are the main points of difference between an ideal gas and a real gas.
For a real gas, all these points are not valid, therefore:
Gas particles occupy a space and therefore have a volume.Gas particles collide with each other and their motion tends to speed up or slow down.Gas particles interact with each other.
Explanation: The radius of an object is found from the center of the object to the perimeter. Radius can be any number, but it is the measurement from the center to the perimeter.
