<u>Answer: </u>The correct statement is X is the effective nuclear charge, and it increases across a period.
<u>Explanation:</u>
We are given that:
X = number of protons − number of core electrons
Effective nuclear charge is defined as the actual nuclear charge (Z = number of protons) minus the screening effect caused by the electrons present between nucleus and valence electrons. These electrons are the core electrons.
The formula used for the calculation of effective nuclear charge given by Slater is:
where,
= effective nuclear charge
Z = atomic number or actual nuclear charge or number of protons
= Screening constant
The effective nuclear charge increases as we go from left to right in a period because nuclear charge increases with no effective increase in screening constant.
Hence, the correct answer is X is the effective nuclear charge, and it increases across a period.
Not sure what you are asking. I have two possible answers though...
It could either be more negatively charged, or valence electrons.
The more away from the nucleus a electron is, the more negatively charged it is.
The electrons on the outermost electron shell is valence electrons.
Again, I don't know what you were asking, but one of these answers may be correct.
At -25 °C, methanol, whose boiling point is 64.7 °C and its melting point is -97.6 °C, is in the liquid state.
The melting point is the temperature at which a substance passes from solid to liquid. Below the melting point, a substance is in the solid state. Above the melting point, a substance is in the liquid or gas state.
The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance passes from liquid to gas. Below the boiling point, a substance is solid or liquid. Above the boiling point, a substance is in the gas state.
At -25 °C, methanol is above the melting point (-97.6 °C) and below the boiling point (64.7 °C). Thus, it is in the liquid state.
At -25 °C, methanol, whose boiling point is 64.7 °C and its melting point is -97.6 °C, is in the liquid state.
You can learn more about the melting and boiling points here: brainly.com/question/5753603?referrer=searchResults