Johannes Kepler- he did it by observing the ‘Tycho Brahe’. His 3rd law was published 10 years later to his first two laws.
It is definitely the first law, the first law is the law of inertia. It states that an object remains in its state of rest or uniform motion on a straight line except compelled by an external force. The planet remains in its position because there is no external force acting on it which will make it move. Hope i helped. have a nice day<span />