When an unknown substance is dissolved in water, hydronium ions form. What can you conclude about the substance? @thomaster

1 answer:

5 0

HIdronium ions, H3O +, are formed as consequence of protonation of water.

The protons that cause this protonation come from acids.

Then, you can infere that the substance is an acid.

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Answer:

Option 4. There's no hydrogen bonding between HBr molecules at all.

Explanation:

SiH₄ molecules are tetrahedral and symmetric. Dipoles due to the polar Si-H bonds balance each other. SiH₄ molecules are nonpolar. Only instantaneous dipoles are possible between those molecules.

<h3>C₆H₆ Benzene</h3>

Similar to SiH₄, benzene is symmetric. Dipoles due to the weakly polar C-H bonds balance each other. Benzene molecules are nonpolar. Only instantaneous dipoles are possible between those molecules.

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H atoms are directly bonded to a highly electronegative element: Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Fluorine.
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Consider the Lewis structure of NH₃. There are three H atoms in each NH₃ molecule. Each of the three H atoms is bonded directly to the N atom with a highly polar N-H bond. Also, there is a lone pair of electrons on the N atom. Hydrogen bonding will take place between NH₃ molecules.

NH₃ is a relatively small molecule. As a result, hydrogen bonding will be the dominant type of intermolecular force between NH₃ molecules.

There are three lone pairs on the Br atom in each HBr molecule. However, no H atom is connected to any one of the three highly electronegative elements: N, O, or F. The Br atom isn't electronegative enough for the H atom to form hydrogen bonding. HBr molecules are polar. As a result, the dominant type of intermolecular forces between HBr molecules will be dipole-dipole interactions (A.k.a. permanent dipole.)

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