will tell you the subshell type, so you are dealing with a d orbital.
ml will tell you the orientation of the orbital, there is no distinction between the orbitals so -1 doesnt specifically mean anything.
Your answer would be surface runoff
The freezing point depression is a colligative property, which means that it depends on the number of particles of solute disolved in the solution.
When you have solutes that are ionic compounds they dissociate in water into ions, then the compound that dissociates more ions will produce more particles and will decrease the freezing point the most.
Given theses aqueous solutions Na2 CO3, Co Cl3, and Li NO3 you can predict the order of the freezing points.
First, write the dissociation equations>
Na2CO3 -> 2Na(+) + CO3 (2-) These are 3 ions: two of Na(+) and one of CO3(2-)
The number inside parenthesis are number of charge not number of molecules.
Co Cl3 -> Co(3+) + 3 Cl (1-) Those are 4 ions: one of Co (+) and three of Cl (-)
Li NO3 -> Li (+) + NO3 (-) those are two ions: one of Li (+) and one of NO3(-)
Then the ionic compound that dissociates into more ions give the solution with lower freezing point, and these is the rank from higher to lower freezing point:
Li NO3 > Na2 CO3 > Co Cl3.
So if the compound has the smallest gram formula mass it has the highest percentage composition by mass of strontium
