The redshift of distant galaxy are larger than those of closer galaxies, which indicates that the galaxy is receding at a faster rate.
- The Universe was 5 percent its current size when light left objects now at redshift of <u>19</u>.
Reasons:
The size of the universe represented as a scale factor with relation to the redshift can be presented as follows;

Where;
a₀ = The current size of the Universe
a = The size of the early Universe = 5% of a
Therefore;


0.05 + 0.05·z = 1

- The redshift is of the observed light is, z = <u>19</u>
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Explanation:
In the given situation two forces are working. These are:
1) Electric force (acting in the downward direction) = qE
2) weight (acting in the downward direction) = mg
Therefore, work done by all the forces = change in kinetic energy
Hence,
It is known that the weight of electron is far less compared to electric force. Therefore, we can neglect the weight and the above equation will be as follows.

v = 
= 592999 m/s
Since, the electron is travelling downwards it means that it looses the potential energy.
Answer:
ΔS total ≥ 0 (ΔS total = 0 if the process is carried out reversibly in the surroundings)
Explanation:
Assuming that the entropy change in the aluminium bar is due to heat exchange with the surroundings ( the lake) , then the entropy change of the aluminium bar is, according to the second law of thermodynamics, :
ΔS al ≥ ∫dQ/T
if the heat transfer is carried out reversibly
ΔS al =∫dQ/T
in the surroundings
ΔS surr ≥ -∫dQ/T = -ΔS al → ΔS surr ≥ -ΔS al = - (-1238 J/K) = 1238 J/K
the total entropy change will be
ΔS total = ΔS al + ΔS surr
ΔS total ≥ ΔS al + (-ΔS al) =
ΔS total ≥ 0
the total entropy change will be ΔS total = 0 if the process is carried out reversibly in the surroundings
Answer:

Explanation:
Given
,
,
,
The tension of the spring is



The force in the spring is equal to centripetal force so


But Fc is also
Fc=KxΔr

Replacing



total distance is
