Answer: I think it’s the first one
Answer: correct option will D.
Explanation:
Calcium belongs to the group 2 i.e. of alkaline earth metals in periodic table. electronic configuration of calcium is
.
So in order to attain noble gas configuration calcium will loose its two electrons during chemical bond formation.

Sulfur is a non metal which forms negatively charged ion so as to complete ts octet during chemical bond formation.
Helium is a noble gas with fully filled electronic configuration.
Carbon forms bond which is covalent in nature.
Answer:
Temperature and Pressure
Explanation:
Temperature and pressure cause change in volume.
So any change in volume will alter the ratio of density as given by equation of density.
Density = mass/ volume
Change in volume will alter the ratio.
Kindly mark it branliest if the answer is little bit satisfying.
Réduction refers to loss of oxygen from that element
The overall rxn
HCl + KOH 》 KCl + H2O
I don't remember the rest