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gayaneshka [121]
3 years ago
12

4. You are studying the behavior of a perfluorocarbon-based O2 carrier as an emergency treatment for hypoxemia. It has an approx

imate molecular radius of 2 nm. Consider ultrafiltration through the kidney (glomerular membrane pore radius 4 nm, length 800 nm). Assuming a therapeutic dose in the blood of 22 mM and 2 mM in the filtrate, determine the electrochemical potential across glomerular membrane.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Levart [38]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

See explaination

Explanation:

The molecular radius of the perflurocarbon-based O2 carrier suggests that it passes through the Bowman’s capsule during ultrafiltration. Initial levels of the O2 carrier in blood are 22mM and concentration of the O2 carrier in the final glomerular filtrate is 2mM. Electrochemical potential is the driving source of energy required for the transport of a solute across the membrane. It is also known as the Gibbs free energy G. ΔG’o is the free energy change under standard conditions. Standard free energy change is directly related to the equilibrium constant (K’eq). Equilibrium is the state of the reaction where the concentration of the reactants equals the concentration of the products.

K’eq = [final concentration]/[initial concentration]

K’eq = 2mM/22mM = 0.09

ΔG’o = -RT ln K’eq ; R (gas constant) = 8.315 J/mol.K

T (temperature) = 298 K

ΔG’o = - (8.315 x 298) ln 0.09 = +5.96 kJ/mol

The separation of small molecules and ions from large molecules and cells in the blood is termed as ultrafiltration. The filtered out fluid is known as glomerular filtrate, capsular filtrate or ultrafiltrate. A nephron is a single unit of structure and function in a kidney.

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The second-order rate constant for the dimerization of a protein (P) P + P → P2 is 6.2 × 10−3/M · s at 25°C. Part 1 out of 2 If
siniylev [52]

Answer:

r=1.59\times 10^{-10}\ M/s

Explanation:

According to the law of mass action:-

The rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the active concentration of the reactant which each are raised to the experimentally determined coefficients which are known as orders. The rate is determined by the slowest step in the reaction mechanics.

Order of in the mass action law is the coefficient which is raised to the active concentration of the reactants. It is experimentally determined and can be zero, positive negative or fractional.

The order of the whole reaction is the sum of the order of each reactant which is raised to its power in the rate law.

From the reaction given that:-

P+P\rightarrown P_2

The expression for the rate is:-

r=k[P]^2

Given that;- k= 6.2\times 10^{-3} /Ms

[P] = 1.6\times 10^{-4} M

Thus,

r=6.2\times \:10^{-3}\times \:\left(1.6\times \:\:10^{-4}\right)^2\ M/s=1.59\times 10^{-10}\ M/s

8 0
2 years ago
Prepare a journal about the topic Water-The Life Giving Liquid
Alex

Water is known as a life-giving liquid because every living organism depends on the water for its survival.

<h3>Journal about the topic Water-The Life Giving Liquid</h3>

Water is also called a life-giving liquid because without water life on earth is not possible. All other living organisms need to consume water to survive and grow in size. We need water for many other activities such as cleaning, washing, cooking and irrigation. Water is essential for all living things including humans, animals and plants. Water is called wonder liquid as it can dissolve large number of substances. This property enables water to be a great solvent. Most of the chemical reactions of the living world is carried out in water as a medium so that's why water is known as Life Giving Liquid.

So we can conclude that Water is known as a life-giving liquid because every living organism depends on the water for its survival.

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8 0
1 year ago
You wish to add 5 mg/l naocl as cl2 to a solution in a disinfection test, and you have a stock solution (household bleach) that
Alecsey [184]

Answer: -

0.1 ml of bleach should be added to each liter of test solution.

Explanation:-

Let the volume of bleach to be added is B ml.

Density of stock solution = 1.0 g/ml

Mass of stock solution = Volume of stock x density of stock

                                     = B ml x 1.0 g/ml

                                     = B g

Amount of NaOCl in this stock solution = 5% of B g

                                     = \frac{5}{100} x B g

                                     = 0.05 B g

Now each test solution must be added 5 mg/l NaOCl.

Thus each liter of test solution must have 5 mg.

Thus 0.05 B g = 5 mg

                        = 0.005 g

B = \frac{0.005}{0.05}

  = 0.1

Thus 0.1 ml of bleach should be added to each liter of test solution.

4 0
2 years ago
I AM GIVING BRAINLIEST PLEASEE HELPPPP I NEED HELPPPPPP PLEAEEEEEE
True [87]

Answer:

0.479 M or mol/L

Explanation:

So Molarity is moles/litres of solution...often written as M=mol/L

So here we are given grams of BaCl2 which we have to convert to moles. To convert to moles of BaCl2 we have to divide 63.2 g BaCl2 by molar mass of BaCl2 which is 208.23 g/mol so you get 63.2/208.23 = 0.3035 moles of BaCl2

Second step is converting the 634mL to litres by simply dividing by 1000 because we know 1 litre has 1000ml so 634/1000 = 0.634L

Now we just plug these guys in our molarity formula M=mol/L

M= 0.3035/0.634 = 0.479 M or mol/L

3 0
2 years ago
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Select True or False: Pi bonds are covalent bonds in which the electron density is concentrated above and below a plane containi
anzhelika [568]

Answer:

True

Explanation:

In pi bonds, the electron density concentrates itself between the atoms of the compound but are present on either side of the line joining the atoms. Electron density is found above and below the plane of the line joining the internuclear axis of the two atoms involved in the bond.

Pi bonds usually occur by sideways overlap of atomic orbitals and this leads to both double and triple bonds.

3 0
3 years ago
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