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gayaneshka [121]
3 years ago
12

4. You are studying the behavior of a perfluorocarbon-based O2 carrier as an emergency treatment for hypoxemia. It has an approx

imate molecular radius of 2 nm. Consider ultrafiltration through the kidney (glomerular membrane pore radius 4 nm, length 800 nm). Assuming a therapeutic dose in the blood of 22 mM and 2 mM in the filtrate, determine the electrochemical potential across glomerular membrane.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Levart [38]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

See explaination

Explanation:

The molecular radius of the perflurocarbon-based O2 carrier suggests that it passes through the Bowman’s capsule during ultrafiltration. Initial levels of the O2 carrier in blood are 22mM and concentration of the O2 carrier in the final glomerular filtrate is 2mM. Electrochemical potential is the driving source of energy required for the transport of a solute across the membrane. It is also known as the Gibbs free energy G. ΔG’o is the free energy change under standard conditions. Standard free energy change is directly related to the equilibrium constant (K’eq). Equilibrium is the state of the reaction where the concentration of the reactants equals the concentration of the products.

K’eq = [final concentration]/[initial concentration]

K’eq = 2mM/22mM = 0.09

ΔG’o = -RT ln K’eq ; R (gas constant) = 8.315 J/mol.K

T (temperature) = 298 K

ΔG’o = - (8.315 x 298) ln 0.09 = +5.96 kJ/mol

The separation of small molecules and ions from large molecules and cells in the blood is termed as ultrafiltration. The filtered out fluid is known as glomerular filtrate, capsular filtrate or ultrafiltrate. A nephron is a single unit of structure and function in a kidney.

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Answer:

378mL

Explanation:

The following data were obtained from the question:

Pressure (P) = 99.19 kPa

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Next, we shall convert the pressure and temperature to appropriate units. This is illustrated below:

For Pressure:

101.325 KPa = 1 atm

Therefore, 99.19 kPa = 99.19/101.325 = 0.98 atm

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Next we shall determine the volume of N2. The volume of N2 can be obtained by using the ideal gas equation as shown below:

PV = nRT

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2 years ago
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Explanation :

Combined gas law is the combination of Boyle's law, Charles's law and Gay-Lussac's law.

The combined gas equation is,

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where,

P_1 = initial pressure of gas = 2.30 atm

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V_1 = initial volume of gas = 20.0 L

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T_1 = initial temperature of gas = 308 K

T_2 = final temperature of gas = 416 K

Now put all the given values in the above equation, we get:

\frac{2.30atm\times 20.0L}{308K}=\frac{5.40atm\times V_2}{416K}

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