Answer:
Climate, atmosphere, and land
Explanation:
Some of the data collected include air chemistry, temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, and wind speed. Instruments carried on balloons and wind profiling radar provide observations from the surface to more than 10 miles high.
A visual representation of covalent bonding which represents the valence shell electrons in the molecule is said to be a Lewis structure. The lines represents the shared electron pairs and dots represents the electrons that are not involved in the bonding i.e lone pairs.
Number of valence electrons in each atom:
For Carbon,
= 4
For Hydrogen,
= 1
For Nitrogen,
= 5
The Lewis structure of
is shown in the attached image.
The formula of calculating formula charge =
-(1)
where, F.C is formal charge, V.E is number of valence electrons, N.E is number of non-bonding electrons and B.E is number of bonding electrons.
Now, calculating the formal charge:
For
on left side:

For
:

For
on right side:

The formula charge of each atom other than hydrogen is shown in the attached image.
We use the gas law named Charle's law for the calculation of the second temperature. The law states that,
V₁T₂ = V₂T₁
Substituting the known values,
(0.456 L)(65 + 273.15) = (3.4 L)(T₁)
T₁ = 45.33 K
ANSWER:
4 a) Specific elements have more than one oxidation state, demonstrating variable valency.
For example, the following transition metals demonstrate varied valence states:
,
,
, etc.
Normal metals such as
also show variable valencies. Certain non-metals are also found to show more than one valence state 
4 b) Isotopes are members of a family of an element that all have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
For example, Carbon-14 is a naturally occurring radioactive isotope of carbon, having six protons and eight neutrons in the nucleus. However, C-14 does not last forever and there will come a time when it loses its extra neutrons and becomes Carbon-12.
5 a)
→
5 b)
→ 
5 c)
→
(already balanced so don't need to change)
5 d)
→
5 e)
→ 
EXPLANATION (IF NEEDED):
1. Write out how many atoms of each element is on the left (reactant side) and right (product side) of the arrow.
2. Start multiplying each side accordingly to try to get atoms of the elements on both sides equal.
EXAMPLE OF BALANCING: