It allowed him to realize that the mass of an atom is concentrated at its center because the atoms mostly went through the foil but some were deflected. He also realized that an atom probably wasn't just empty space and scattered electron and it had a positive center.
Http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_pertable.html this should help.
Answer:
c. Polystyrene
Explanation:
Caleb wants a synthetic material that is not soluble in water, so it must be a nonpolar material because water is polar.
Cellulose is a nonpolar molecular, but is a natural product;
Nylon is a synthetic compound, but is polar, so it' soluble in water;
Vulcanized rubber is polar and the rubber is a natural compound.
The only compound that he can use is polystyrene, which is insoluble in water and is a synthetic material.