Answer:
open system
Explanation:
An open system is a system in which both energy and matter are exchanged with the surroundings.
Answer:
C-O: polar covalent
Mg-F: ionic
Cl-Cl: nonpolar covalent
Explanation:
Ionic bonds are formed between an atom of a metallic element and another atom of a non-metallic element. Thus, Mg-F is an ionic bond, in which Mg is the metal and F is the nonmetal.
Covalent bonds are formed between two non-metallic elements. So, C-O and Cl-Cl are covalent bonds, because C, O, and Cl are nonmetals.
In C-O, the atom of oxygen (O) has more electronegativity than the atom of carbon (C). Thus, O will attract the electrons with more strength and a difference in charge will be established between the two bonded atoms. So, this covalent bond is polar.
In Cl-Cl, both atoms have the same electronegativity because they are from the same chemical element (Cl). Thus, this bond is nonpolar.
The explanation of the how the various concentrations of acid will affect the amount of limestone has been given below.
Effects of acid rain on limestone:-
- When an acid combines with a carbonate, it produces carbon dioxide as a gas and forms a salt that is soluble in the carbonate and acid's water.
- There are several gases in the atmosphere that can dissolve in precipitation such as rain and snow.
- Some may produce acids in rain water, such as carbonic acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid.
- Because the concentration is modest, the rain is not highly acidic, but it is acidic enough to react with the carbonates that make up limestone.
Thus we discussed the affects of acid rain on limestones above.
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Answer: b.) they tend to lose electrons to gain stability
Explanation:
