A train crew was cleaning out a rail tanker that had been emptied of its contents. They rinsed the rail car out with scalding ho
t water through a port of the bottom of the rail car. When they were finished and had drained the water out they shut the valve of the port and went home for the day. During the night the temperature droppe d and it was very cold outside. When they came back to the work the next night something happens to the rail car!
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The amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of a substance by 
is given by
where
m is the mass of the substance
the specific heat capacity
the increase in temperature
In our problem, the mass of the water is m=750 g, the specific heat is
and the amount of heat supplied is 
, so if we re-arrange the previous formula we find the increase in temperature of the water:
where
m is the mass of the substance
In our problem, the mass of the water is m=750 g, the specific heat is