The gravitational force between two objects is given by:

where
G is the gravitational constant
m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects
r is their separation
In this problem, the first object has a mass of

, while the second "object" is the Earth, with mass

. The distance of the object from the Earth's center is

; if we substitute these numbers into the equation, we find the force of gravity exerted by the Earth on the mass of 0.60 kg:
The rate of change of vertical pressure is directly proportional to density and also directly proportional to temperature.
Generally, the relationship between temperature, density and rate of vertical pressure is given as;


where;
- <em>ρ is density</em>
- <em>T is temperature</em>
- <em>dP is rate of change of vertical pressure</em>
Thus, from the formula above, we can conclude the following relationship between temperature, density and the rate of vertical pressure change in spatial pattern of heights.
The rate of change of vertical pressure is directly proportional to density and also directly proportional to temperature.
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To minimize neutron leakage from a reactor, the ratio of the surface area to the volume should be a minimum. For a given volume V the ratio of the sphere will be
.
We know that the surface area and volume of the sphere is given by:

Therefore, the ratio between the surface area and the volume for the sphere will be:

Equating the volume to the constant c, we will find the value of
.

Substituting the value of r in the ration between surface area and volume, we get:

Calculating the constants, we get:

Hence, the ration between surface area and volume is 
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The speed of the water is the greatest at point B