Answer:
the answer is 'a'
Explanation:
When air pollutants such as nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide mix with moisture, they change into acids. They then fall back to earth as acid rain. Wind often carries acid rain far from the pollution source.
I’m assuming the top ruler has more measurement points, like more specific numbers. This would mean the top ruler is more reliable because you can be more specific with your measurements
It iscalled the "cell wall"
Explanation:
will dissociate into ions as follows.
Hence, 
for this reaction will be as follows.
![K_{sp} = [Pb^{2+}][Br^{-}]^{2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7Bsp%7D%20%3D%20%5BPb%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5D%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D%5E%7B2%7D)
We take x as the molar solubility of when we dissolve x moles of solution per liter.
Hence, ionic molarities in the saturated solution will be as follows.
![[Pb^{2+}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BPb%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5D)
= ![[Pb^{2+}]_{o}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BPb%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5D_%7Bo%7D)
+ x
![[Br^{-}]^{2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D%5E%7B2%7D)
= ![[Br^{-}]_{o}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D_%7Bo%7D)
+ 2x
So, equilibrium solubility expression will be as follows.
= ![([Pb^{2+}]_{o} + x)([Br^{-}]_{o} + 2x)^{2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%28%5BPb%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5D_%7Bo%7D%20%2B%20x%29%28%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D_%7Bo%7D%20%2B%202x%29%5E%7B2%7D)
Each sodium bromide molecule is giving one bromide ion to the solution. Therefore, one solution contains = 0.10 and there will be no lead ions. So, = 0
So, ![[Br^{-}]_{o} + 2x](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D_%7Bo%7D%20%2B%202x)
will approximately equals to .
Hence, ![K_{sp} = x[Br^{-}]^{2}_{o}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7Bsp%7D%20%3D%20x%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D%5E%7B2%7D_%7Bo%7D)
x = 
M
Thus, we can conclude that molar solubility of is M.
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
The reaction to be considered is shown below;
H2CO3<------->CO2 + H2O
We know that when a constraint such as a sudden change in concentration, pressure or temperature is imposed on a reaction system in equilibrium, the system has to adjust itself by shifting in a particular direction in order to cancel the constraint.
Now, if we remove CO2, the equilibrium position must shift to the right by the decomposition of more H2CO3 to establish equilibrium again.
