Soil is made out of all of these things and covers almost all landmasses. Even below sand and rock there is soil.
6.022*10^23 is the answer
The appropriate response is Mg2+. It has the smallest radius the would mean the littlest separation from it's the furthest shell to the core
Since magnesium has one less shell that calcium, Mg would have a little nuclear range. Besides, a particle of a component will have a little nuclear sweep than it's molecule be utilized as a part of its particle frame it has lost a shell