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2 years ago

Water is a polar solvent. Which of the following will not dissolve in water?

1 answer:

4 0

Answer: option B.olive oil.

Explanation.

The general rule of thumb when you analyze the ability of a solvent to dissolve a solute is that lke dissolves like.

That means:

1) polar solvents dissolve ionic or polar solutes

2) Non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes

3) Non-polar solvents do not dissolve polar and ionic solutes

4) Polar solvents do not dissolve non-polar solutes.

There are exceptions, but the rule is applicable in here.

<span>
A. table salt: it is NaCl, a ionic compound, so the water which is a polar solvent will dissolve the table salt.

B. Olive oil: the oils are non-polar organic compounds, so it will not be dissolved in a polar solvent.

C. Vinegar: vinegar is acetic acid, which is a polar organic compound, so it will be dissolved in water.

D. Sugar: sugar (sucrose) is a polar organic compound, so it will get dissovled in water.</span>

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Na+ and Cl- __________ ___________________________ Na+ and PO4 3- __________ ___________________________ Na+ and SO4 2- ________

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Answer:

For formation of a neutral ionic compound, the charges on cation and anion must be balanced. The cation is formed by loss of electrons by metals and anions are formed by gain of electrons by non metals.

The cations and anions being oppositely charged attract each other through strong coloumbic forces and form an ionic bond.

(1) Sodium is carrying +1 charge called as $Na^{+1}$ cation and chloride $Cl^{-1}$ is an anion carrying -1 charge. Thus they combine and their oxidation states are exchanged and written in simplest whole number ratios to give neutral $NaCl$ .

(2) Sodium is carrying +1 charge called as $Na^{+1}$ cation and phosphate $PO_4^{-3}$ is an anion carrying -3 charge. Thus they combine and their oxidation states are exchanged and written in simplest whole number ratios to give neutral $Na_3PO_4$ .

(3) Sodium is carrying +1 charge called as $Na^{+1}$ cation and sulfate $SO_4^{-2}$ is an anion carrying -2 charge. Thus they combine and their oxidation states are exchanged and written in simplest whole number ratios to give neutral $Na_2SO_4$ .

(4) Sodium is carrying +1 charge called as $Na^{+1}$ cation and carbonate $CO_3^{-2}$ is an anion carrying -2 charge. Thus they combine and their oxidation states are exchanged and written in simplest whole number ratios to give neutral $Na_2CO_3$ .

(5) Potassium is carrying +1 charge called as $K^{+1}$ cation and chloride $Cl^{-1}$ is an anion carrying -1 charge. They form $KCl$ .

(6) Potassium is carrying +1 charge called as $K^{+1}$ cation and phosphate $PO_4^{-3}$ is an anion carrying -3 charge. They form $K_3PO_4$ .

(7) Potassium is carrying +1 charge called as $K^{+1}$ cation and sulfate $SO_4^{-2}$ is an anion carrying -2 charge. They form $K_2SO_4$ .

(8) Potassium is carrying +1 charge called as $K^{+1}$ cation and carbonate $CO_3^{-2}$ is an anion carrying -2 charge. They form $K_2CO_3$ .

(9) Calcium is carrying +2 charge called as $Ca^{+2}$ cation and chloride $Cl^{-1}$ is an anion carrying -1 charge. They form $CaCl_2$ .

(10) Calcium is carrying +2 charge called as $Ca^{+2}$ cation and phosphate $PO_4^{-3}$ is an anion carrying -3 charge. They form $Ca_3(PO_4)_2$ .

(11) Calcium is carrying +2 charge called as $Ca^{+2}$ cation and sulfate $SO_4^{-2}$ is an anion carrying -2 charge. They form $CaSO_4$ .

(12) Calcium is carrying +2 charge called as $Ca^{+2}$ cation and carbonate $CO_3^{-2}$ is an anion carrying -2 charge. They form $CaCO_3$ .

(13) Ammonium ion is carrying +1 charge called as $NH_4^{+1}$ cation and chloride $Cl^{-1}$ is an anion carrying -1 charge. They form $NH_4Cl$ .

(14) Ammonium ion is carrying +1 charge called as $NH_4^{+1}$ cation and phosphate $PO_4^{-3}$ is an anion carrying -3 charge. They form $NH_4_3PO_4$ .

(15) Ammonium ion is carrying +1 charge called as $NH_4^{+1}$ cation and sulfate $SO_4^{-2}$ is an anion carrying -2 charge. They form $NH_4_2SO_4$ .

(16) Ammonium ion is carrying +1 charge called as $NH_4^{+1}$ cation and carbonate $CO_3^{-2}$ is an anion carrying -2 charge. They form $NH_4_2CO_3$ .

(17) Iron is carrying +3 charge called as $Fe^{+3}$ cation and chloride $Cl^{-1}$ is an anion carrying -1 charge. They form $FeCl_3$ .

(18) Iron is carrying +3 charge called as $Fe^{+3}$ cation and phosphate $PO_4^{-3}$ is an anion carrying -3 charge. They form $FePO_4$ .

(19) Iron is carrying +3 charge called as $Fe^{+3}$ cation and sulfate $SO_4^{-2}$ is an anion carrying -2 charge. They form $Fe_2(SO_4)_3$ .

(20) Iron is carrying +3 charge called as $Fe^{+3}$ cation and carbonate $CO_3^{-2}$ is an anion carrying -2 charge. They form $Fe_2(CO_3)_3$ .

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