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umka2103 [35]
3 years ago
14

What is the empirical formula for a substance that is composed of 40.66% carbon, 8.53% Hydrogen,23.72% Nitrogen, and 27.09% Oxyg

en?
Chemistry
1 answer:
prohojiy [21]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA OF THE SUBSTANCE IS C2H5NO

Explanation:

The steps involved in calculating the empirical formula of this substance in shown in the table below:

Element                            Carbon           Hydrogen          Nitrogen         Oxygen

1. % Composition              40.66              8.53                 23.72                27.09

2. Mole ratio =

%mass/ atomic mass       40.66/12         8.53/1          23.72/14            27.09/16

                                       =  3.3883            8.53              1,6943             1.6931

3. Divide by smallest

value (0.6931)          3.3883/1.6931    8.53/1.6931    1.6943/1.6931   1.6931/1.6931

                               =      2.001                  5.038           1.0007                      1

4. Whole number ratio        2                       5                   1                               1

The empirical formula = C2H5NO

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Identify the group of elements that corresponds to each of the following generalized electron configurations and indicate the nu
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(a) [Noble gas] ns² np⁵: Number of unpaired electron is 1 and belongs to group 17 i.e. halogen group of the periodic table.

(b) [noble gas] ns² (n-1)d²: Number of unpaired electron is 2 and belongs to group 4 of the periodic table.

(c) [noble gas] ns² (n-1)d¹⁰ np¹: Number of unpaired electron is 1 and belongs to group 13 of the periodic table.

(d)[noble gas] ns² (n-2)f⁶ : Number of unpaired electron is 6 and belongs to group 8 of the periodic table.

Explanation:

In the Periodic table, the chemical elements are arranged in 7 rows, called periods and 18 columns, called groups. They are organized in increasing order of atomic numbers.

(a) [Noble gas] ns² np⁵

As the total number of electrons in the p-orbital is 5. Therefore, the number of unpaired electron is 1.

This element has 2 electrons in ns orbital and 5 electrons in np orbital. <u>So there are 7 valence electrons.</u>

Therefore, this element belongs to the group 17 i.e. halogen group of the periodic table.

(b) [noble gas] ns² (n-1)d²

As the total number of electrons in the d-orbital is 2. Therefore, the number of unpaired electrons is 2.

This element has 2 electrons in ns orbital and 2 electrons in (n-1)d orbital. So there are <u>4 valence electrons.</u>

Therefore, this element belongs to the group 4 of the periodic table.

(c) [noble gas] ns² (n-1)d¹⁰ np¹

As the total number of electrons in the p-orbital is 1. Therefore, the number of unpaired electron is 1.

This element has 2 electrons in ns orbital and 1 electron in np orbital. So there are <u>3 valence electrons</u>.

Therefore, this element belongs to the group 13 of the periodic table.

(d)[noble gas] ns² (n-2)f⁶

As the total number of electrons in the f-orbital is 6. Therefore, the number of unpaired electron is 6.

This element has 2 electrons in ns orbital and 6 electrons in (n-2)f orbital. So there are <u>8 valence electrons.</u>

Therefore, this element belongs to the group 8 of the periodic table.

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