The most common method astronomers use to determine the composition of stars, planets, and other objects is spectroscopy. This process utilizes instruments with a grating that spreads out the light from an object by wavelength. This spread-out light is called a spectrum. Every element has a unique fingerprint that allows researchers to determine what it is made of.
The fingerprint often appears as the absorption of light. Every atom has electrons, and these electrons like to stay in their lowest-energy levels. But when photons carrying energy hit an electron, they can push it to higher energy levels. This is absorption, and each element’s electrons absorb light at specific wavelengths related to the difference between energy levels in that atom. But the electrons want to return to their original levels, so they don’t hold onto the energy for long. When they emit the energy, they release photons with exactly the same wavelengths of light that were absorbed in the first place. An electron can release this light in any direction, so most of the light is emitted in directions away from our line of sight. Therefore, a dark line appears in the spectrum at that particular wavelength.
Because the wavelengths at which absorption lines occur are unique for each element, astronomers can measure the position of the lines to determine which elements are present in a target. The amount of light that is absorbed can also provide information about how much of each element is present.
Answer:
Mg is oxidized and Pb is the oxidizing agent
Explanation:
1. The answer is; C
The geosphere is made up of the physical rocks (composed of metals and minerals) and magma in the different layers. These densities of these rocks surpass those of other spheres such as the atmosphere and hydrosphere.
2. The answer is; B
Destructive forces break down land. Weathering and erosion are categorized as slow destructive forces because they take many years for their effect to be perceptible to the human's scale. Quick destructive forces are forces such as earthquakes and tsunamis.
3. The answer is; B
The atmosphere on earth is mainly composed of molecular nitrogen at 78%. Oxygen takes up 21% and other gases found in the atmosphere are hydrogen, carbon dioxide,ozone, dust, and water vapor at 1%.
4. The answers that apply are ; A & B
The formula for gravity force is given by the equation.; F(gravity) = (G*m1*m2)/d^2 where G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects, and d is the distance between them.
5. The answer is; C
The force of inertia is due to their celestial mass. The larger the mass the higher the inertia. Inertia is the tendency of a moving object to maintain a straight path without an external force applied to it. This, therefore, prevents the moon from being pulled into collision with the earth. Gravity, on the other hand, prevents the moon from flying out of its orbit and away into space.