A buffer is a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components. It is able to neutralize small amounts of added acid or base, thus maintaining the pH of the solution relatively stable. This is important for processes and/or reactions which require specific and stable pH ranges. Buffer solutions have a working pH range and capacity which dictate how much acid/base can be neutralized before pH changes, and the amount by which it will change.
Answer: through energy carriers, ATP and NADPH
Explanation:in the light dependent stage,energy from a light photon is used to create ATP through ADP and an inorganic phosphate.
It does this by the transfer of energetic electron from one electron carrier to another.NADPH is also formed.
In the light independent reaction,ATP and NADP are used to reduce carbon dioxide to 3-phosphoglycerate
When the thermal energy of the air around a fire is transferred to the surrounding air A. The thermal energy is spread out by the surrounding air.
Thermal energy transfers occur in 3 approaches conduction, convection, and radiation. whilst thermal power is transferred among neighboring molecules that are in touch with each other, which is referred to as conduction.
Thermal strength refers to the power contained inside a system that is liable for its temperature. heat is the go with the flow of thermal electricity. an entire department of physics, thermodynamics, offers how heat is transferred among exceptional systems and how work is accomplished in the manner.
Thermal strength also referred to as heat strength is produced when a rise in temperature reasons atoms and molecules to transport quicker and collide with each other. The energy that comes from the temperature of the heated substance is referred to as thermal strength.
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Thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the total heat content of a system It is equal to the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume
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