Answer:
Là những biến đổi số lượng xảy ra ở một hoặc một số cặp nhiễm sắc thể hoặc toàn bộ nhiễm sắc thể của mỗi loài. Đột biến nhiễm sắc thể bao gồm 2 loại:
+ Đột biến cấu trúc nhiễm sắc thể.
+ Đột biến số lượng nhiễm sắc thể.
Explanation:
<span>A squirrel and an oak tree are both examples of individual organisms</span>
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Gel electrophoresis is a method of genetic analysis which involves seperating segments of DNA based on their size and charge.
It involves cutting DNA with various enzymes, then placing the DNA in an agarose gel. An electrical current is then run through the gel. Because DNA is a polar molecule the DNA segments will travel through the agarose cell as the current is applied. Larger fragments will travel shorter distances than shorter fragments. Two plates with 2 different DNA samples will be conducted and the orientation of the DNA strands will be used to make an analysis by comparing the 2 plates.
A) A textbook definition would be that genetic drift is: a random change in allele frequency caused by a series of chance occurences that cause an allele to become more or less common in a population. In layman's terms, this means that genetic drift happens when luck makes the genetic pool of the population to deviate from what is expected.
B) The cause for this genetic drift is the aformentioned couple. Because amish communities are small and they select partners from their community, having even a couple of carriers of alleles in a community can make the allele freuency much larger than expected; for example, if the community was 100 persons, the percentage would be in the order of 1%, still much larger than the general population. Thus, the cause here is that a small population had a couple of carriers.
C) Sexual reproduction leads to a mixing of alleles from both mother and father and helps diversity. When a population is isolated, the gene pool is fixed and no new genes can come in, reducing diversity. Also some people that have an allele might die, hitting diversity even more. Finally, having a small population creates a strong pressure in some circumstances that leads to elimination of some traits and diversity.
Electricity could be discovered using batteries based on zinc or lead, but without copper wiring it would remain little more than a scientific curiosity. Electric motors and generators require large amount of wiring, so they are impossible to build on large scale in this world
