We have that The Density and Volume is given as

The factors that affect Density are Mass and Volume
From the question we are told that
The piece of wood shown above has a mass of 20 grams.
Wood parameters
2cm
5cm
3cm
Generally the equation for the Volume is mathematically given as

Generally the equation for the Density is mathematically given as

Therefore the factors that affect Density are Mass and Volume
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Considering that we are talking about a stepdown transformer, and a turn ration of 1:24
Then
Vsecondary coil = 120 V / 24 = 5V
(But lets remember that the power must be conserved in the transformer, so the voltage is 24 times less, but the current is 24 times higher)
It provides 5 volts to operate the player or charge the batteries
I would choose the vinegar before baking soda because the baking soda is what is making the chemical reaction with the vinegar. Both need eachother but the vinegar is a less powerful reactant than the baking soda.