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Alja [10]
3 years ago
12

For each of the following pairs of complexes, identify which one you would predict to have the larger Δo value, and explain why.

(Assume an octahedral environment)
a. [Mn(H2O)6]2+ or [Fe(H2O)6]3+
b. [Fe(H2O)6]3+ or [Fe(CN)6]3−
c. [Fe(CN)6]3− or [Ru(CN)6]3-
Chemistry
1 answer:
mash [69]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

a) [Fe(H2O)6]3+

b) [Fe(CN)6]3−

c) [Ru(CN)6]3-

Explanation:

. [Mn(H2O)6]2+ or [Fe(H2O)6]3+

The both complexes are d5 complexes with the same ligand , water. Water is a weak ligand and note that Mn^2+ often have a crystal field stabilization energy of zero hence

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ will possess a greater ∆o value.

The splitting of d orbitals according to the crystal field theory depends on the;

i)geometry of the complex

ii) nature of the metal ion,

iii)charge on the metal ion,

iv) ligands that surround the metal ion.

When the geometry and the ligands are held constant, the order of crystal field splitting is as follows;

Pt4+ > Ir3+ > Rh3+ > Co3+ > Cr3+ > Fe3+ > Fe2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+ > Mn2+

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ or [Fe(CN)6]3−

[Fe(CN)6]3− will have a greater ∆o because the cyanide ion is a strong field ligand compared to water. A strong field ligand causes a greater splitting of the octahedral crystal field compared to a weak field ligand.

. [Fe(CN)6]3− or [Ru(CN)6]3-

[Ru(CN)6]3- will exhibit a greater crystal field splitting. Crystal field splitting increases with the second and third row transition elements when compared to the crystal field splitting of the first row transition elements. Note that, there is an increase of approximately 30%–50% in Δo on going from a first-row transition metal to a second-row metal and another 30%–50% increase on going from a second-row to a third-row metal when they have the same geometry and oxidation state.

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Answer:

a. 63.2%

b. 11.7%

c. 73.3%

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e. 55.5%

Explanation:

An ionic compound is a compound that is formed by ions, so one of the elements must donate electrons (which is the cation, the positive ion), and the other will receive these electrons (which is the anion, the negative ion).

The power of an element has to attract the electrons is called electronegativity, and so, as higher is the difference of electronegative of the elements, it is more probable that one of them will "still" the electrons and will form an ionic compound. The percent of this ionic character can be found by the Pauling's equation:

%IC = (1 - e^{-0.25*(x_A - x_B)^2}) *100%

Where x_A - x_B is the electronegativity difference of the elements. Thus, consulting an electronegativity table:

a. x_{Ti} = 1.5

x_{O} = 3.5

%IC = (1 - e^{-0.25*(3.5 - 1.5)^2})*100%

%IC = 63.2%

b. x_{Zn} = 1.6

x_{Te} = 2.1

%IC = (1 - e^{-0.25*(2.1 - 1.6)^2})*100%

%IC = 11.7%

c. x_{Cs} = 0.7

x_{Cl} = 3.0

%IC = (1 - e^{-0.25*(3.0 - 0.7)^2})*100%

%IC = 73.3%

d. x_{In} = 1.7

x_{Sb} = 1.9

%IC = (1 - e^{-0.25*(1.9 - 1.7)^2})*100%

%IC = 0.995 %

e. x_{Mg} = 1.2

x_{Cl} = 3.0

%IC = (1 - e^{-0.25*(3.0 - 1.2)^2})*100%

%IC = 55.5%

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<h3>Ecosystem services</h3>

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Learn more about ecosystem services at: brainly.com/question/2191258

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