Answer:
The order of reactivity towards electrophilic susbtitution is shown below:
a. anisole > ethylbenzene>benzene>chlorobenzene>nitrobenzene
b. p-cresol>p-xylene>toluene>benzene
c.Phenol>propylbenzene>benzene>benzoic acid
d.p-chloromethylbenzene>p-methylnitrobenzene> 2-chloro-1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene> 1-methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene
Explanation:
Electron donating groups favor the electrophilic substitution reactions at ortho and para positions of the benzene ring.
For example: -OH, -OCH3, -NH2, Alkyl groups favor electrophilic aromatic substitution in benzene.
The -I (negative inductive effect) groups, electron-withdrawing groups deactivate the benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Examples: -NO2, -SO3H, halide groups, Carboxylic acid groups, carbonyl gropus.
Answer:
In the presence of a base, blue litmus paper will turn red........
Mass is related to weight. It measures the resistance of the substance to acceleration when a net force is applied.
Therefore: armful of lead has more mass
volume measures the amount of 3-dimensional space that an object occupies.
Therefore: kilogram of feather has more volume as it is less dense.
density is the mass per unit volume. Since armful of lead has more mass than a handful of feathers, while kilogram of feather has more volume than a kilogram of lead.
Therefore: kilogram of lead has higher density.
There is a specific formula to use for these type of problems.
ln (P2/ P1)= Δvap/ R x (1/T1 - 1/T2)
R= 8.314
P1= 92.0 torr
T1= 23 C + 273= 296 K
P2= 351.0 torr
T2= 45.0 C + 273= 318 K
plug the values and solve for the unknown
ln( 351.0/ 92.0)= Δvap/ 8.314 x (1/296 - 1/318)
Δvap= 47630.6 joules
