Answer:
Which are positive? D.
Which are negative? A. B. C.
Explanation:
Generally, entropy can be defined as the degree of randomness of a system. The entropy of any system increases with an increase in the number of moles of the system. Entropy also increases when there is a change of state from solid to liquid or liquid to gas. Therefore for the systems in the given question:
A pond freezes in winter
The degree of disorderliness decrease because there is a change of state from liquid to solid. Thus, ΔSsys is negative.
Atmospheric CO2 dissolves in the ocean
There is also decrease in randomness, thus, ΔSsys is negative.
An apple tree bears fruit
There is also decrease in randomness, thus, ΔSsys is negative.