pH is an important parameter for many reactions to take place in solution and in biological systems. It is related to the concentration of H⁺ ions through the following expression:
pH = 1/[H⁺] = -log [H⁺]
Wanting to know the pH of a solution is equivalent to knowing the amount of hydrogen ions present. But the pH scale is more convenient than the concentration scale because pH usually takes values between 0 and 14.
- When pH < 7 the solution is acid.
- When pH = 7 the solution is neutral (like pure water).
- When pH > 7 the solution is basic.
10 is mixture of elements and compounds
11 is compound
12-15 are mixture of compounds
The elements that form anions will have the electronic configuration similar to the noble gas that is in their period and those that form cations will have a configuration similar to that of the noble gas in the previous period.
He: Be
Ne: F, Al
Ar: Ca, P
Kr: Rb, Se
