Question

If the following elements were to form ions, they would attain the same number of electrons as which noble gas?

Answer 1

The ion formed by Be has the same number of electrons as $\boxed{{\text{He}}}$.

The ion formed by Ca has the same number of electrons as $\boxed{{\text{Ar}}}$.

The ion formed by Al has the same number of electrons as $\boxed{{\text{Ne}}}$.

The ion formed by Rb has the same number of electrons as $\boxed{{\text{Kr}}}$.

The ion formed by Se has the same number of electrons as $\boxed{{\text{Kr}}}$.

The ion formed by F has the same number of electrons as $\boxed{{\text{Ne}}}$.

The ion formed by P has the same number of electrons as $\boxed{{\text{Ar}}}$.

Further Explanation:

Ions are the species that are formed either due to loss or gain of electrons.

A neutral atom, when accepts an electron, gets converted into negatively charged species, known as an anion. The number of electrons becomes more than the number of protons in the atom.

The formation of anion occurs as,

${\text{X}}\left( {{\text{Neutral atom}}} \right) + {e^ - } \to {{\text{X}}^ - }\left( {{\text{Anion}}} \right)$

A neutral atom, when loses an electron, gets converted into positively charged species, known as a cation. The number of electrons becomes less than the number of protons in the atom.

The formation of cation occurs as,

${\text{X}}\left( {{\text{Neutral atom}}} \right) - {e^ - } \to {{\text{X}}^ + }\left( {{\text{Cation}}} \right)$

Beryllium is present in group 2 of the periodic table and it is an alkaline earth metal. Its electronic configuration is $1{s^2}\;2{s^2}$. So it can easily lose two electrons to achieve stable fulfilled configuration and becomes ${\text{B}}{{\text{e}}^{{\text{2 + }}}}$. The number of electrons in  ${\text{B}}{{\text{e}}^{{\text{2 + }}}}$ is 2 which is the same as that in helium.

Calcium is present in group 2 of the periodic table and it is an alkaline earth metal. Its electronic configuration is $1{s^2}2{s^2}2{p^6}3{s^2}3{p^6}4{s^2}$. So it can easily lose two electrons to achieve stable fulfilled configuration and becomes ${\text{C}}{{\text{a}}^{2 + }}$. The number of electrons in ${\text{C}}{{\text{a}}^{2 + }}$ is 18 which is the same as that in argon.

Aluminium is present in group 13 of the periodic table and its electronic configuration is $\;1{s^2}2{s^2}2{p^6}3{s^2}3{p^1}$. So it can easily lose three electrons to achieve stable fulfilled configuration and becomes  ${\text{A}}{{\text{l}}^{3 + }}$. The number of electrons in ${\text{A}}{{\text{l}}^{3 + }}$ is 10 which is same as that in neon.

Rubidium is present in group 1 of the periodic table and is an alkali metal. Its electronic configuration is $1{s^2}2{s^2}2{p^6}3{s^2}3{p^6}3{d^{10}}4{s^2}4{p^6}5{s^1}$. So it can easily lose one electron to achieve stable fulfilled configuration and becomes ${\text{R}}{{\text{b}}^ + }$. The number of electrons in ${\text{R}}{{\text{b}}^ + }$ is 36 which is the same as that in krypton.

Selenium is present in group 16 of the periodic table. Its electronic configuration is $1{s^2}2{s^2}2{p^6}3{s^2}3{p^6}3{d^{10}}4{s^2}4{p^4}$. So it gains two electrons to achieve stable fulfilled configuration and forms ${\text{S}}{{\text{e}}^{2 - }}$. The number of electrons in ${\text{S}}{{\text{e}}^{2 - }}$ is 36 which is the same as that in krypton.

Fluorine is present in group 17 of the periodic table and is the first member of the halogen family. Its electronic configuration is $1{s^2}2{s^2}2{p^5}$. So it can easily gain an electron to achieve stable fulfilled configuration and forms ${{\text{F}}^ - }$. The number of electrons in  ${{\text{F}}^ - }$ is 10 which is the same as that in neon.

Phosphorus is present in group 15 of the periodic table. Its electronic configuration is $1{s^2}2{s^2}2{p^6}3{s^2}3{p^3}$ . So it can easily gain three electrons to achieve stable fulfilled configuration and forms ${{\text{P}}^{3 - }}$. The number of electrons in ${{\text{P}}^{3 - }}$ is 18 which is the same as that of argon.

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Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Electronic configuration of elements

Keywords: ions, noble gas, same number of electrons, elements., phosphorus, calcium, aluminium, rubidium, fluorine, beryllium, helium, neon, argon, krypton, species.

Answer 2

The elements that form anions will have the electronic configuration similar to the noble gas that is in their period and those that form cations will have a configuration similar to that of the noble gas in the previous period.
He: Be
Ne: F, Al
Ar: Ca, P
Kr: Rb, Se