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3 years ago

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A thermistor is a temperature‐sensing element composed of a semiconductor material, which exhibits a large change in resistance

proportional to a small change in temperature. A particular thermistor has a resistance of 5 kΩ at 25°C. Its resistance is 340 Ω at 100°C. Assuming a straight‐line relationship between these two values, at what temperature will the thermistor's resistance equal 1 kΩ?

1 answer:

oksian1 [2.3K]3 years ago

7 0

The temperature at which the resistance is $1 k\Omega$ is $89.4^{\circ}C$

Explanation:

For the thermistor in this problem, the relationship between temperature and resistance is linear.

We have:

$R_1 = 5000 \Omega$ when the temperature is $T=25^{\circ}C$

$R_2=340 \Omega$ when the temperature is $T=100^{\circ}C$

Assuming a straight-line relationship, we can find the slope of the line:

$m=\frac{R_2-R_1}{T_2-T_1}=\frac{340-5000}{100-25}=-62.1 \Omega/^{\circ}C$

Now that we know the slope, we can extrapolate the temperature when the resistance is

$R_3 = 1 k\Omega = 1000 \Omega$

In fact, we can write:

$m=\frac{R_3-R_2}{T_3-T_2}$

And solving for $T_3$ ,

$m(T_3-T_2)=R_3-R_2\\T_3 = T_2 +\frac{R_3-R_2}{m}=100 + \frac{1000-340}{-62.1}=89.4^{\circ}C$

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4 years ago

The state of plane strain on an element is:

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Answer:

a. ε₁=-0.000317

ε₂=0.000017

θ₁= -13.28° and θ₂=76.72°

b. maximum in-plane shear strain =3.335 *10^-4

Associated average normal strain ε(avg) =150 *10^-6

θ = 31.71 or -58.29

Explanation:

$\epsilon _{1,2} =\frac{\epsilon_x + \epsilon_y}{2} \pm \sqrt{(\frac{\epsilon_x + \epsilon_y}{2} )^2 + (\frac{\gamma_xy}{2})^2} \\\\\epsilon _{1,2} =\frac{-300 \times 10^{-6} + 0}{2} \pm \sqrt{(\frac{-300 \times 10^{-6}+ 0}{2}) ^2 + (\frac{150 \times 10^-6}{2})^2}\\\\\epsilon _{1,2} = -150 \times 10^{-6} \pm 1.67 \times 10^{-4}$

ε₁=-0.000317

ε₂=0.000017

To determine the orientation of ε₁ and ε₂

$tan 2 \theta_p = \frac{\gamma_xy}{\epsilon_x - \epsilon_y} \\\\tan 2 \theta_p = \frac{150 \times 10^{-6}}{-300 \times 10^{-6}-\ 0}\\\\tan 2 \theta_p = -0.5$

θ= -13.28° and 76.72°

To determine the direction of ε₁ and ε₂

$\epsilon _{x' }=\frac{\epsilon_x + \epsilon_y}{2} + \frac{\epsilon_x -\epsilon_y}{2} cos2\theta + \frac{\gamma_xy}{2}sin2\theta \\\\\epsilon _{x'} =\frac{-300 \times 10^{-6}+ \ 0}{2} + \frac{-300 \times 10^{-6} -\ 0}{2} cos(-26.56) + \frac{150 \times 10^{-6}}{2}sin(-26.56)\\\\$

=-0.000284 -0.0000335 = -0.000317 =ε₁

Therefore θ₁= -13.28° and θ₂=76.72°

b. maximum in-plane shear strain

$\gamma_{max \ in \ plane} =2\sqrt{(\frac{\epsilon_x + \epsilon_y}{2} )^2 + (\frac{\gamma_xy}{2})^2} \\\\\gamma_{max \ in \ plane} = 2\sqrt{(\frac{-300 *10^{-6} + 0}{2} )^2 + (\frac{150 *10^{-6}}{2})^2}$

=3.335 *10^-4

$\epsilon_{avg} =(\frac{\epsilon_x + \epsilon_y}{2} )$

ε(avg) =150 *10^-6

orientation of γmax

$tan 2 \theta_s = \frac{-(\epsilon_x - \epsilon_y)}{\gamma_xy} \\\\tan 2 \theta_s = \frac{-(-300*10^{-6} - 0)}{150*10^{-6}}$

θ = 31.71 or -58.29

To determine the direction of γmax

$\gamma _{x'y' }= - \frac{\epsilon_x -\epsilon_y}{2} sin2\theta + \frac{\gamma_xy}{2}cos2\theta \\\\\gamma _{x'y' }= - \frac{-300*10^{-6} - \ 0}{2} sin(63.42) + \frac{150*10^{-6}}{2}cos(63.42)$

= 1.67 *10^-4

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4 years ago

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Given Data:

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a. Average Shear Strain:

The average shear strain can be determined by dividing the total displacement of plate by height

γ $_{xy}$ = displacement / total height

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b. Force P on upper plate:

Now, as we know that force per unit area equals to stress

τ = P/A

Also, τ = Gγ $_{xy}$

By comapring both equations, we get

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First we need to calculate total area,

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By putting the values in equation 1, we get

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Answer:

$1.0 * 10^{-10} = 0.0000000001$

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Given

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Required

Convert to standard form

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So, $1.0 * 10^{-10}$ is equivalent to

$1.0 * 10^{-10} = 1.0 * \frac{1}{10^{10}}$

$1.0 * 10^{-10} = 1.0 * \frac{1}{10}* \frac{1}{10}* \frac{1}{10}* \frac{1}{10}* \frac{1}{10}* \frac{1}{10}* \frac{1}{10}* \frac{1}{10}* \frac{1}{10}* \frac{1}{10}$

$1.0 * 10^{-10} = 1.0 * \frac{1}{10000000000}$

$1.0 * 10^{-10} = 1.0 * 0.0000000001$

$1.0 * 10^{-10} = 0.0000000001$

Hence, the standard form of $1.0 * 10^{-10}$ is $0.0000000001$

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