The periodic table is divided into 18 group. A group refers to a column of elements in the periodic table. All the elements in the same group share the same chemical and physical properties. Some of the groups are given specific names while the rest are identified by the first element in that group. The groups with specific names are as follows: Group 1: Alkali metals Group 2: Alkali earth metals Group 11: Coinage metals Group 15: Pnictogen Group 16: Chalcogens Group 17: Halogens Group 18: Noble gases.
Elements of section s: are those elements whose valence shells are s¹ or s².
This section includes group 1 and 2.
Group 1: Alkalyne metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr): react violently with water.
Group 2. Alkalyne earth metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra: react less violently with water.
Elements of both group 1 and group 2 shine, are conductive and are malleable and ductile.
Elements of section p: are those elements whose valence shells are p¹, or p², or p³, or p⁴, or p⁵, or p⁶.
This section includes the groups 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18.
Most of those elements and non-metals except for B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te and Po which are metalloids (they have some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of non-metal).
Non metals are brittle and poor conductive.
Elements of section d is the biggest group. These are transition metals. In this group the electrons fill the type d orbitals.
This section includes groups 3 through 12.
The properties of these elements are those of metals: high conductivitiy, mallability and electrical conductivity.
Elements of section f are other transition metals (inner transition metals). They partially fill some f orbitals.
STP in chemistry is the abbreviation for Standard Temperature and Pressure. STP most commonly is used when performing calculations on gases, such as gas density. The standard temperature is 273 K (0° Celsius or 32° Fahrenheit) and the standard pressure is 1 atm pressure.
The independent variable is the one you change, and the dependent variable is the one that changes because the independent changed (i think). The constant variable is the thing you can't change so the experiment is fair.
Independant: whatever causes the flowers to change color Dependent: the flowers change color Constant: same soil type, same conditions, etc.
