B. The gravity acceleration is in the same direction as the force of gravity, and thus towards the centre of the earth
I'm pretty sure the answer is d.The weight of the book and the table's upward force on the book are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.
To solve this problem it is necessary to apply the law of Malus which describes the change in the Intensity of Light when it crosses a polarized surface.
Mathematically the expression is given as

Where,
= Initial Intensity
I = Final Intensity after pass through the polarizer
= Angle between the polarizer and the light
Since it is sought to reduce the intensity by half the relationship between the two intensities will be given as

Using the Malus Law we have,





Angle with respect to maximum is 
Answer:

Explanation:
We are given that a parallel- plate capacitor is charged to a potential difference V and then disconnected from the voltage source.
1 m =100 cm
Surface area =S=


We have to find the charge Q on the positive plates of the capacitor.
V=Initial voltage between plates
d=Initial distance between plates
Initial Capacitance of capacitor

Capacitance of capacitor after moving plates


Potential difference between plates after moving








Hence, the charge on positive plate of capacitor=