Answer:
1) ΔG°r(298 K) = - 28.619 KJ/mol
2) ΔG°r will decrease with decreasing temperature
Explanation:
- CO(g) + H2O(g) → H2(g) + CO2(g)
1) ΔG°r = ∑νiΔG°f,i
⇒ ΔG°r(298 K) = ΔG°CO2(g) + ΔG°H2(g) - ΔG°H2O(g) - ΔG°CO(g)
from literature, T = 298 K:
∴ ΔG°CO2(g) = - 394.359 KJ/mol
∴ ΔG°CO(g) = - 137.152 KJ/mol
∴ ΔG°H2(g) = 0 KJ/mol........pure substance
∴ ΔG°H2O(g) = - 228.588 KJ/mol
⇒ ΔG°r(298 K) = - 394.359 KJ/mol + 0 KJ/mol - ( - 228.588 KJ/mol ) - ( - 137.152 KJ7mol )
⇒ ΔG°r(298 K) = - 28.619 KJ/mol
2) K = e∧(-ΔG°/RT)
∴ R = 8.314 E-3 KJ/K.mol
∴ T = 298 K
⇒ K = e∧(-28.619/(8.314 E-3)(298) = 9.624 E-6
⇒ ΔG°r = - RTLnK
If T (↓) ⇒ ΔG°r (↓)
assuming T = 200 K
⇒ ΔG°r(200 K) = - (8.314 E-3)(200)Ln(9.624E-3)
⇒ ΔG°r (200K) = - 19.207 KJ/mol < ΔG°r(298 K) = - 28.619 KJ/mol
Answer is: A. 1.1 3 1023 NiCl2 formula units.
m(NiCl₂) = 24.6 g; mass of nickel(II) chloride.
M(NiCl₂) = 129.6 g/mol; molar mass of nickel(II) chloride.
n(NiCl₂) = m(NiCl₂) ÷ M(NiCl₂).
n(NiCl₂) = 24.6 g ÷ 129.6 g/mol.
n(NiCl₂) = 0.19 mol; amount of nickel(II) chloride.
Na = 6.022·10²³ 1/mol; Avogadro constant.
N(NiCl₂) = n(NiCl₂) · Na.
N(NiCl₂) = 0.19 mol · 6.022·10²³ 1/mol.
N(NiCl₂) = 1.13·10²³; number of formula units.
The volume of the buffer solution having a ph value is calculated by henderson's hasselbalch equation.
Buffer solution is water based solution which consists of a mixture containing a weak acid and a conjugate base of the weak acid. or a weak base and conjugate acid of a weak base.it is a mixture of weak acid and a base. The pH of the buffer solution is determined by the expression of the henderson hasselbalch equation.
pH=pKa + log [salt]/[acid]
Where, pKa =dissociation constant , A- = concentration of the conjugate base, [HA]= concentration of the acid. Here, a buffer solution contains 0.403m acetic acid and 250 ml is added in order to prepare a buffer with a ph of 4.750. Putting all the values in the henderson hasselbalch equation we find the pH of the buffer solution.
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A free-radical substitution reaction is likely to be responsible for the observations. The reaction mechanism of a reaction like this can be grouped into three phases:
- Initiation; the "light" on the mixture deliver sufficient amount of energy such that the halogen molecules undergo homologous fission. It typically takes ultraviolet radiation to initiate fissions of the bonds.
- Propagation; free radicals react with molecules to produce new free radicals and molecules.
- Termination; two free radicals combine and form covalent bonds to produce stable molecules. Note that it is possible for two carbon-containing free-radicals to combine, leading to the production of trace amounts of long carbon chains in the product.
Initiation
where the big black dot indicates unpaired electrons attached to the atom.
Propagation
Termination
