People firstly believe that the planets move in a circular orbit until Newton came up with his hypothesis by inventing calculus so that we could understood and calculated planetary orbits and their accuracy.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Everyone assumed the planets were perfect circles until Newton came up with an idea. Slowly people would make maps of the orbits that added circles on circles, and they could never really explain about the movement of the planet. They simply say that planets move on circles but they lacked the math to explain or prove it. Then Newton came up with an idea of inventing calculus so that we could understood and calculated planetary orbits and their accuracy.
Firstly people used their observations and say that the orbits looked like circles, then they developed their models and did the math, and proposed their hypothesizes which were wrong, until Newton came along and tried to match a model that used elliptical orbits and invented the math that allowed him to make predictions with it. His model worked for most planets.
However he could not explain about the planet Mercury for instance since it was a very strange orbit. Then after the Einstein's theory of General Relativity he could also explain very deeply about it.
Scientists and Astronomers made hypothesizes that there was another planet orbiting too close to the sun to see with telescopes, called Vulcan, that explained mercury's orbit before Einstein's theory. Then long after we had telescopes which was good enough to see if there was a planet orbiting closer to the sun than mercury.
J.J. Thomson hypothesized and discovered that the atom was not the smallest unit of matter but that instead there were much smaller units. He discovered "sub-atomic particles" which make up atoms. The sub-atomic particle that Thomson discovered was the electron. He discovered this through a process of experiments testing cathode rays.
There are 12 carbon atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms, and 11 oxygen atoms in one molecule of C12H22O11. In five molecules there are 60 carbon atoms, 110 hydrogen atoms, and 55 oxygen atoms.
Chemical equations are to be balanced to be able to follow the law of conservation of mass where it says that mass cannot be created or destroyed. Reactions should be that the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products.
