Answer:
Here's what I get
Explanation:
You may have done a Williamson synthesis of guaifenesin by reacting guaiacol with 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol.
A. Mechanism
Step 1
NaOH converts guaiacol into a phenoxide ion.
Step 2
The phenoxide acts as the nucleophile in an SN2 reaction to displace the Cl from the alkyl halide.
B. Improve the yield
You probably carried out the reaction in ethanol solution — a polar protic solvent.
You might try doing the reaction in a polar aprotic solvent— perhaps DMSO.
A polar aprotic solvent does not hydrogen bond to nucleophiles, so they become stronger.
C. Another method of ether synthesis —dehydration of alcohols
Sulfuric acid catalyzes the conversion of primary alcohols to ethers.
This is also a nucleophilic displacement reaction.
Protonation of the OH converts it into a better leaving group.
Attack by a second molecule of alcohol forms the protonated ether.
A molecule of water then removes the proton.
Answer:
Filtration works best when the solute isn't dissolve in the solvent. For instance, sand and water can be seperated through filtration because both compounds do not dissolve with each other. However, sugar and water would not be seperated through filtration as they dissolve with each other.
-google :)
The 3 indicates the third electron shell. (Which has only 1 electron in it in this configuration)
Hope this helps! :)
Answer:
I just need points so ignore my answer and thanks
Answer:
Option B. Cation that is smaller than the original atom.
Explanation:
Magnesium is a divalent element. This implies that magnesium can give up 2 electrons to become an ion (cation) as shown below:
Mg —> Mg²⁺ + 2e¯
Next, we shall write the electronic configuration of magnesium atom (Mg) and magnesium ion (Mg²⁺). This can be written as follow:
Mg (12) = 2, 8, 2
Mg²⁺ (10) = 2, 8
From the above illustration, we can see that the magnesium atom (Mg) has 3 shells while the magnesium ion (Mg²⁺) has 2 shells.
This simply means that the magnesium ion (Mg²⁺) i.e cation is smaller that the original magnesium atom (Mg).
