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BabaBlast [244]
3 years ago
14

What is a atom and what do atom do in the world ​

Chemistry
2 answers:
gayaneshka [121]3 years ago
6 0

In all atoms, the number of protons and the number of electrons is always the same. The number of neutrons is very roughly the same as the number of protons, but sometimes it's rather more. The number of protons in an atom is called the atomic number and it tells you what type of atom you have.

SVEN [57.7K]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Atoms make up everything in the known universe.

Explanation:

Atoms have different configurations, meaning that they have a different number of electrons surrounding the atom. There are actually two separate concentric rings around the atom, but that's not important to the answer. These separate atoms bind together to make molecules, which band together in different ways to form solids, liquids, gasses, and everything in between. In other words, we are all made up of around seven billion billion billion (7*10^27) atoms.

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How can you determine which bond in a structure is more polar without using an electronegativity table?
UkoKoshka [18]
To know this you pretty much do have to kind of memorize a few electronegativities. I don't recall ever getting a table of electronegativities on an exam.
From the structure, you have:

I remember the following electronegativities most because they are fairly patterned:
EN
H
=
2.1
EN
C
=
2.5
EN
N
=
3.0
EN
O
=
3.5
EN
F
=
4.0
EN
Cl
=
3.5
Notice how carbon through fluorine go in increments of
~
0.5
. I believe Pauling made it that way when he determined electronegativities in the '30s.
Δ
EN
C
−
Cl
=
1.0
Δ
EN
C
−
H
=
0.4
Δ
EN
C
−
C
=
0.0
Δ
EN
C
−
O
=
1.0
Δ
EN
O
−
H
=
1.4
So naturally, with the greatest electronegativity difference of
4.0
−
2.5
=
1.5
, the
C
−
F
bond is most polar, i.e. that bond's electron distribution is the most drawn towards the more electronegative compound as compared to the rest.
When the electron distribution is polarized and drawn towards a more electronegative atom, the less electronegative atom has to move inwards because its nucleus was previously favorably attracted to the electrons from the other atom.
That means generally, the greater the electronegativity difference between two atoms is, the shorter you can expect the bond to be, insofar as the electronegative atom is the same size as another comparable electronegative atom.
However, examining actual data, we would see that on average, in conditions without other bond polarizations occuring:
r
C
−
Cl
≈
177 pm
r
C
−
C
≈
154 pm
r
C
−
O
≈
143 pm
r
C
−
F
≈
135 pm
r
C
−
H
≈
109 pm
r
O
−
H
≈
96 pm
So it is not necessarily the least electronegativity difference that gives the longest bond.
Therefore, you cannot simply consider electronegativity. Examining the radii of the atoms, you should notice that chlorine is the biggest atom in the compound.
r
Cl
≈
79 pm
r
C
≈
70 pm
r
H
≈
53 pm
r
O
≈
60 pm
So assuming the answer is truly
C
−
C
, what would have to hold true is that:
The
C
−
F
bond polarization makes the carbon more electropositive (which is true).
The now more electropositive carbon wishes to attract bonding pairs from chlorine closer, thereby shortening the
C
−
Cl
bond, and potentially the
C
−
H
bond (which is probably true).
The shortening of the
C
−
Cl
bond is somehow enough to be shorter than the
C
−
C
bond (this is debatable).
5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Новый источник энергии получивший распространение в годы второй промышленной революции
marshall27 [118]

1860-х годах, а кульминацией — распространение поточного производства и поточных линий. В 1860—1870-х годах технологическая революция быстро охватила Западную Европу, США, Российскую империю и Японию.

8 0
3 years ago
Why is the structure of a molecule important to its function
Scilla [17]

Answer:

It determines how biological molecules recognize and respond to one another with specificity.

Explanation:

A molecule has a characteristic size and shape. The precise shape of a molecule is usually very important to its function in the living cell. Molecular shape is crucial in biology because it determines how biological molecules recognize and respond to one another with specificity.

3 0
3 years ago
If a Ferrari with an initial velocity of 10m/s accelerates at a rate of 5m/s2 for 3 seconds. What will it’s final velocity be?
Reika [66]

Answer:

<em><u>V = 25 m/s</u></em>

Explanation:

From first equation of motion, V = U + at

V = 10 + ( 5×3 )

V = 25 m/s

4 0
3 years ago
The formula for ammonium carbonate:
Dima020 [189]

Ammonium is NH₄⁺ and Carbonate is CO₃⁻² => Ammonium Carbonate is (NH₄)₂CO₃

6 0
3 years ago
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