The correct answer is D.
Echo refers to the sound that is heard when a sound wave is reflected back from a surface. An echo sound is made when a sound wave traveled through the air, hit a hard surface and get reflected back. Generally, hard surfaces reflect sound wave while soft surfaces absorb sound waves. Reflected sound waves are used in application of some devices that are used in range and direction finding.
<h2>The required "option is b) hydrogen bonds must be broken to raise its temperature.</h2>
Explanation:
- Water has high specific heat due to hydrogen bonds present in it.
- The Ionisation of water does not affect the specific heat of the water.
- On decreasing the temperature, there is the formation of bonds hence option (d) is wrong.
- On increasing the temperature, there is the breaking of bonds hence option (b) is correct.
The correct option is A.
To calculate the binding energy, you have to find the mass defect first.
Mass defect = [mass of proton and neutron] - Mass of the nucleus
The molar mass of thorium that we are given in the question is 234, the atomic number of thorium is 90, that means the number of neutrons in thorium is
234 - 90 = 144.
The of proton in thourium is 90, same as the atomic number.
Mass defect = {[90 * 1.00728] +[144* 1.00867]} - 234
Note that each proton has a mass of 1.00728 amu and each neutron has the mass of 1.00867 amu.
Mass defect = [90.6552 + 145.24848] - 234 = 1.90368 amu.
Note that the unit of the mass is in amu, it has to be converted to kg
To calculate the mass in kg
Mass [kg] = 1.90368 * [1kg/6.02214 * 10^-26 = 3.161135 * 10^-27
To calculate the binding energy
E = MC^2
C = Speed of light constant = 2.9979245 *10^8 m/s2
E = [3.161135 * 10^-27] * [2.9979245 *10^8]^2
E = 2.84108682069 * 10^-10.
Note that we arrive at this answer because of the number of significant figures that we used.
So, from the option given, Option A is the nearest to the calculated value and is our answer for this problem.
Base on the question all about the human eye were an optic nerve of it needs an energy of 2.10x10^-17J that could trigger a series of impulses that eventually reach to the brain. So the possible photons of blue light needed for for this energy is 52 photons
Increased temperatures cause changes in atmospheric circulation and increase evaporation and water vapor, resulting in precipitation increases, more intense precipitation, more storms and sea level rise.
