Answer:
Explanation:
Given
Operating temperatures are


is
of Carnot refrigerator




actual 

Also, 



Answer:
New force, 
Explanation:
The electrostatic force between two spheres is given by :

According to given condition, each of the spheres has lost half its initial charge, new force is given by :



So, the new force becomes (1/4)th of the initial force. Hence, the correct option is (d).
22.4722050542442 maybe I am not completely sure
Answer:
Answer:
It has sunlight, oxygen, water, and fertile soil.
Explanation:
Sunlight: provides plants (producers) with energy so that the ecosystem is sustainable. Also provides heat and warmth so the planet does not freeze.
Oxygen: obvious. required for human survival and survival of most carbon-based organisms.
Water: required for plant growth and sustainability of carbon-based life.
Fertile soil: a place where plants can grow and produce energy.
I will not write an entire description because your teacher may accuse you of plagiarism and use this topic as proof.
Explanation:
Direction from A to B divided by time(30s)