Which of these best explains why the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule are attracted to Cl− ions in sodium chloride (NaCl)?
2 answers:
Answer: C. The hydrogen atoms have partial positive charges.
Explanation: The solubility of substances is governed by: Like dissolves like, which states that polar compounds are soluble in polar solvents and non polar compounds are soluble in non polar solvents.
Water being polar in nature dissolves by getting between the oppositely charged ions of solute and thus decreasing the forces of attraction between the ions. The positively charged
ions are attracted to positive pole of water which is hydrogen and the negatively charged
is attracted to negative pole of water which is oxygen.
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<u>Answer: </u>The correct statement is X is the effective nuclear charge, and it increases across a period.
<u>Explanation:</u>
We are given that:
X = number of protons − number of core electrons
Effective nuclear charge is defined as the actual nuclear charge (Z = number of protons) minus the screening effect caused by the electrons present between nucleus and valence electrons. These electrons are the core electrons.
The formula used for the calculation of effective nuclear charge given by Slater is:
where,
= effective nuclear charge
Z = atomic number or actual nuclear charge or number of protons
= Screening constant
The effective nuclear charge increases as we go from left to right in a period because nuclear charge increases with no effective increase in screening constant.
Hence, the correct answer is X is the effective nuclear charge, and it increases across a period.