The net charge on an atom is equal to the overall difference between the number of protons in the nucleus versus the number of electrons around the nucleus, where a negative sign represents less protons and a positive sign represents more protons (than electrons).
The refractive index of water is

. This means that the speed of the light in the water is:

The relationship between frequency f and wavelength

of a wave is given by:

where v is the speed of the wave in the medium. The frequency of the light does not change when it moves from one medium to the other one, so we can compute the ratio between the wavelength of the light in water

to that in air

as

where v is the speed of light in water and c is the speed of light in air. Re-arranging this formula and by using

, we find

which is the wavelength of light in water.
Answer:
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Answer:
As the concentration of a solute in a solution increases, the freezing point of the solution <u><em>decrease </em></u>and the vapor pressure of the solution <em><u>decrease </u></em>.
Explanation:
Depression in freezing point :

where,
=depression in freezing point =
= freezing point constant
m = molality ( moles per kg of solvent) of the solution
As we can see that from the formula that higher the molality of the solution is directly proportionate to the depression in freezing point which means that:
- If molality of the solution in high the depression in freezing point of the solution will be more.
- If molality of the solution in low the depression in freezing point of teh solution will be lower .
Relative lowering in vapor pressure of the solution is given by :

= Vapor pressure of pure solvent
= Vapor pressure of solution
= Mole fraction of solute

Vapor pressure of the solution is inversely proportional to the mole fraction of solute.
- Higher the concentration of solute more will the be solute's mole fraction and decrease in vapor pressure of the solution will be observed.
- lower the concentration of solute more will the be solute's mole fraction and increase in vapor pressure of the solution will be observed.