Answer:
True
Explanation:
An aircraft is subject to 3 primary rotations
1) About longitudinal axis known as rolling
2) About lateral axis known as known as pitching
3) About the vertical axis known as yawing
The rolling of the aircraft induces torsion in the body of the aircraft thus the fuselage structure should be capable of carrying torsion
Waves in the electric and magnetic fields are known as electromagnetic waves. You must first understand what a field is, which is just a technique of giving each square inch of space a numerical value. You may see that as a temperature field, for instance, when you look at the weather predictions and they mention the temperature in several locations. Every location on Earth has a unique temperature that can be quantified. Everywhere on Earth has its own wind velocity, which is another form of field. This field differs somewhat from the temperature field in that the wind velocity has both a direction and a magnitude, whereas the temperature just has a magnitude (how hot it is). A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction, hence a field that contains vectors at every location is referred to as a vector field. Vector fields include the magnetic and electric fields. We may examine what would happen if we placed a charged particle at any given position in space. If the charged particle were to accelerate, we would state that the electric field there is the direction in which the particle is moving. In general, positively charged particles will move in the electric field's direction, whereas negatively charged particles will move in the opposite way. Because it is a vector field, the magnetic field exhibits comparable behavior. We discovered in the 19th century that the same interaction, electromagnetism, really produces both electric and magnetic fields. Like an electromagnet, a changing electric field will produce a magnetic field, and a changing magnetic field will induce an electric field (like in a generator). If your system is configured properly, you may have an electric field that fluctuates, which in turn produces a magnetic field, which in turn induces another electric field, which in turn generates another magnetic field, and so on indefinitely. At the speed of light, this oscillation between a strong magnetic field and strong electric field spreads out indefinitely. In reality, light is an electromagnetic wave—an oscillation in the electromagnetic fields. An electric or magnetic field may exist without a medium since they exist in a vacuum, which implies that waves in these fields don't require a medium like sound to flow through.
Answer:
They communicate ideas very quickly.
Explanation:
Answer:
(a) Increases
(b) Increases
(c) Increases
(d) Increases
(e) Decreases
Explanation:
The tensile modulus of a semi-crystalline polymer depends on the given factors as:
(a) Molecular Weight:
It increases with the increase in the molecular weight of the polymer.
(b) Degree of crystallinity:
Tensile strength of the semi-crystalline polymer increases with the increase in the degree of crystallinity of the polymer.
(c) Deformation by drawing:
The deformation by drawing in the polymer results in the finely oriented chain structure of the polymer with the greater inter chain secondary bonding structure resulting in the increase in the tensile strength of the polymer.
(d) Annealing of an undeformed material:
This also results in an increase in the tensile strength of the material.
(e) Annealing of a drawn material:
A semi crystalline material which is drawn when annealed results in the decreased tensile strength of the material.
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Isothermal work will be less than the adiabatic work for any given compression ratio and set of suction conditions. The ratio of isothermal work to the actual work is the isothermal efficiency. Isothermal paths are not typically used in most industrial compressor calculations.
Compressors
Compressors are used to move gases and vapors in situations where large pressure differences are necessary.
Types of Compressor
Compressors are classified by the way they work: dynamic (centrifugal and axial) or reciprocating. Dynamic compressors use a set of rotating blades to add velocity and pressure to fluid. They operate at high speeds and are driven by steam or gas turbines or electric motors. They tend to be smaller and lighter for a given service than reciprocating machines, and hence have lower costs.
Reciprocating compressors use pistons to push gas to a higher pressure. They are common in natural gas gathering and transmission systems, but are less common in process applications. Reciprocating compressors may be used when very large pressure differences must be achieved; however, since they produce a pulsating flow, they may need to have a receiver vessel to dampen the pulses.
The compression ratio, pout over pin, is a key parameter in understanding compressors and blowers. When the compression ratio is below 4 or so, a blower is usually adequate. Higher ratios require a compressor, or multiple compressor stages, be used.
When the pressure of a gas is increased in an adiabatic system, the temperature of the fluid must rise. Since the temperature change is accompanied by a change in the specific volume, the work necessary to compress a unit of fluid also changes. Consequently, many compressors must be accompanied by cooling to reduce the consequences of the adiabatic temperature rise. The coolant may flow through a jacket which surrounds the housing with liquid coolant. When multiple stage compressors are used, intercooler heat exchangers are often used between the stages.
Dynamic Compressors
Gas enters a centrifugal or axial compressor through a suction nozzle and is directed into the first-stage impeller by a set of guide vanes. The blades push the gas forward and into a diffuser section where the gas velocity is slowed and the kinetic energy transferred from the blades is converted to pressure. In a multistage compressor, the gas encounters another set of guide vanes and the compression step is repeated. If necessary, the gas may pass through a cooling loop between stages.
Compressor Work
To evaluate the work requirements of a compressor, start with the mechanical energy balance. In most compressors, kinetic and potential energy changes are small, so velocity and static head terms may be neglected. As with pumps, friction can be lumped into the work term by using an efficiency. Unlike pumps, the fluid cannot be treated as incompressible, so a differential equation is required:
Compressor Work
Evaluation of the integral requires that the compression path be known - - is it adiabatic, isothermal, or polytropic?
uncooled units -- adiabatic, isentropic compression
complete cooling during compression -- isothermal compression
large compressors or incomplete cooling -- polytropic compression
Before calculating a compressor cycle, gas properties (heat capacity ratio, compressibility, molecular weight, etc.) must be determined for the fluid to be compressed. For mixtures, use an appropriate weighted mean value for the specific heats and molecular weight.
Adiabatic, Isentropic Compression
If there is no heat transfer to or from the gas being compressed, the porocess is adiabatic and isentropic. From thermodynamics and the study of compressible flow, you are supposed to recall that an ideal gas compression path depends on:
Adiabatic Path
This can be rearranged to solve for density in terms of one known pressure and substituted into the work equation, which then can be integrated.
Adiabatic Work
The ratio of the isentropic work to the actual work is called the adiabatic efficiency (or isentropic efficiency). The outlet temperature may be calculated from
Adiabatic Temperature Change
Power is found by multiplying the work by the mass flow rate and adjusting for the units and efficiency.
Isothermal Compression
If heat is removed from the gas during compression, an isothermal compression cycle may be achieved. In this case, the work may be calculated from:
http://facstaff.cbu.edu/rprice/lectures/compress.html