"Fluid intelligence involves being able to think and reason abstractly and solve problems. This ability is considered independent of learning, experience, and education. Examples of the use of fluid intelligence include solving puzzles and coming up with problem-solving strategies."
- Verywell Mind
Explanation:
The point is that water is moving smoothly but that the solutes are not.Even though the containers are chemically different (chemical disequilibrium), once all the solutes in one container are contrasted to all the solutes in another container, both have the same total solutes concentrations (this means that they are in osmotic balance).
Pressure decreases with increasing altitude. The pressure at any level in the atmosphere may be interpreted as the total weight of the air above a unit area at any elevation. At higher elevations, there are fewer air molecules above a given surface than a similar surface at lower levels.
Previous rocks melt and collide and to form igneous rocks.
Igneous rocks disintegrate due to weather disruptions and get carried away by water, where they form sedimentary rock strata by lithification.
Igneous and sedimentary change by heat and pressure to form metamorphic rocks.
Metamorphic rocks melt and become igneous rocks.
Answer:
.
Explanation:
Let 
denote the absolute temperature of this object.
Calculate the value of before and after heating:
.
.
By the Stefan-Boltzmann Law, the energy that this object emits (over all frequencies) would be proportional to 
.
Ratio between the absolute temperature of this object before and after heating:
.
Therefore, by the Stefan-Boltzmann Law, the ratio between the energy that this object emits before and after heating would be:
.
