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Stella [2.4K]
2 years ago
10

Under conditions for which the same roojm temperature is mainteined bt a heating or cooling system, it is not uncommon for a per

son to feel chilled in the winter but comfortable in the summer. Provide a plausible explanation for this situation (with supporting calculations) y by considering a room whose air temperature is maintained at 20 Dagree C throughout the year, while the walls of the room are nominally at 27 Dagree C and 14 Dagree C in the summer and winter, respectively. The exposed surface of a person in the room may be assumed to be at a temperature of 32 Dagree C throughout the year and to have an emissivity of 0.90. The coefficient associated with heat transfer by natural convection between the person and the room air is approximately 2 W/m2 Middot K.
Engineering
1 answer:
bonufazy [111]2 years ago
7 0

Answer:

Net heat transfers:  during summer = 52.253 W/m^2 during winter = 119.375 w/m^2

Explanation:

Given data :

Room temperature throughout the year = 20⁰c = 293 k

Room temperature during summer = 27⁰c = 300 k

Room temperature during winter = 14⁰c = 287 k

surface temperature of a person throughout the year = 32⁰c = 305 k

coefficient of heat transfer by natural convection (h)= 2 w /m^2 k

emissivity = 0.9

An explanation to the condition of feeling chilled during the winter and comfortable during summer  can be explained with the calculation below

The heat transfer from the surface body of a person the the room is carried out by convection and this can be calculated as

q = hΔt = 2 * ( 305  -  293) = 2 * 12 = 24 w /m^2

also calculate heat transfer through radiation using this formula

q_{rad} = εσ [ (Temperature of body)^4- (temperature of room at each season)^4 ]

ε = 0.90,(emissivity)    σ = 5.67 *10^-8 w/^2 . k ( Boltzmann's constant)

during summer :

q_{rad} = (0.90)*(5.67*10^-8)* ( 305^4 - 300^4 ) = 28.253 W/m^2

therefore the net heat transfer during the summer = 24 w/m^3 + 28.253 W/m^3 = 52.253 W/m^2

During winter :

q_{rad} = (0.90)*(5.67*10^-8) * ( 305^4 - 287^4 ) = 95.375 W/m^3

therefore the net heat transfer during the winter

= 24 w/m^3 + 95.375w/m^3 = 119.375 w/m^2

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Answer:

Q = 125.538 W

Explanation:

Given data:

D = 30 cm

Temperature T_\infity = 15 degree celcius

T_S =  220 + 273 = 473 K

Heat coefficient = 12 W/m^2 K

Efficiency 80% = 0.8

Q = hA(T_S - T_{\infty}) \eta

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5 0
3 years ago
Assume a program requires the execution of 50 x 10^6 FP instructions, 110 x 10^6 INT instructions, 80 x 10^6 Load/Store (L/S) in
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Answer:

We can not improve CPI of FP instructions when we run the program two times faster because it would be negative.

Explanation:

Processor clock rate = 2 GHz

Execution Time =   ∑  (\frac{Clock cyles}{Clock rate})

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Clock cycles = ( 50 x 10^{6} x 1) + (  110 x 10^{6} x 1) + ( 80 x 10^{6} x 4) + ( 16 x 10^{6} x 2)

Clock cycles = 512 x 10⁶

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Execution Time = 256 x 10⁻³

To run the program two times faster, half the number of clock cycles

(\frac{Clockcycles}{2} )=   (CPI_{FP} x  No. FP instructions )+ ( CPI_{INT} x No. INT instructions) + ( CPI_{L/S}  x No. L/S instructions ) + ( CPI_{branch} x No. branch instructions)

CPI_{FP improved} x No. FP instructions  =  (\frac{Clockcycles}{2} ) -[ ( CPI_{INT} x No. INT instructions) + ( CPI_{L/S}  x No. L/S instructions ) + ( CPI_{branch} x No. branch instructions)]

CPI_{FP improved} x 50 x 10^{6}  = ( \frac{512(10)^{6} }{2} ) - [ (  110 x 10^{6} x 1) + ( 80 x 10^{6} x 4) + ( 16 x 10^{6} x 2)]

CPI_{FP improved} x 50 x 10^{6}  =  - 206 x 10^{6}

CPI_{FP improved}  = - 206 x 10^{6} / 50 x 10^{6}

CPI_{FP improved} = - 4.12 < 0

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