The most distinctive feature of ape dentition, which clearly distinguishes apes from Old World monkeys, is a Y-5 molar pattern.
<h3>What is the Y-5 molar pattern?</h3>
- This is a distinctive type of molar teeth pattern found in apes and hominoids.
- In this, 5 cusps or raised surfaces are present on the grinding surface of teeth, roughly forming a Y- shape. Therefore, this is also known as Y-5 pattern.
- Whereas Old world monkeys have only 4 cusps on their lower molars present in a bilophodont pattern.
- A Y-5 molar is formed when the tooth is divided into different pieces which form the complete structure of the tooth.
- In bilophodont pattern the tooth is divided into 2 symmetric sections.
- The dental formula of apes is 2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3 i.e. 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars.
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Due to a genetic modification, a mouse has no horizontal cells in its retinas and it does not expresses the connexin26.
What is horizontal cells?
The horizontal cells has receptive field with the neurobiotin and controlled by the electrical coupling.
Horizontal cells are the laterally interconnecting neurons having cell our bodies withinside the internal nuclear layer of the retina of vertebrate eyes. They assist combine and alter the enter from a couple of photoreceptor cells.
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Explanation:
1). Bats have echo location to sense prey to catch
2.)bearded dragon has a frill to expand. this is used to scare or warn predators
3.) cacti have thick skin to store water for long periods of time
4.)squids have inc sacks to spray predators to give a chance to flee
5). many amphibians have webbed feet to travel better in water
Oxygen entered the Earth's atmosphere after the appearance of the Great Oxidation Event (Great Oxygenation Event). The Great Oxidation is the first mass extinction on Earth.
The Great Oxidation lasted 2.4 to 2.0 billion years ago.
Oxygen appeared on Earth thanks to cyanobacteria using photosynthesis.