It is covalent bonding. The electrons are shared between the phosphorus and the chlorines.
covalent bonding is when electrons are shared between two elements.
molecular polarity is a little bit complicated, but I will try to explain ;)
PCl3 is an alternation on tetrahedral molecules.
It means that P has one lone pair of electrons. This pair of electrons are only attracted to the P nuclei and thus a greater freedom of motion.
This means that their orbital is bigger and this pushes the 3 Cl atoms closer together.
The angle between each Cl now is 107 and the angle between Cls and P is greater than 107.
Now, due to this shape, and also electronegativity (Cl is more electronegative than P meaning that it tends to hog the electrons they share closer to itself), PCl3 is polar. Electrons that are shared tend to flow closer towards the Cl than the P side.
Therefore, on the Cl side of the molecule it's, more negative. On the P side, it's more positive.
Answer:
Iron is oxidized while chlorine is reduced.
Explanation:
The oxidation reduction reactions are called redox reaction. These reactions are take place by gaining or losing the electrons and oxidation state of elements are changed.
Oxidation:
Oxidation involve the removal of electrons and oxidation state of atom of an element is increased.
Reduction:
Reduction involve the gain of electron and oxidation number is decreased.
Consider the following reaction:
2FeCl₂ + Cl₂ → 2FeCl₃
in this reaction the oxidation state of iron is increased from +2 to +3. That's why iron get oxidized and it is reducing agent because it reduced the chlorine. The chlorine is reduced from -2 to -3 and it is oxidizing agent because it oxidized the iron.
2Fe⁺²Cl₂⁻²
2Fe⁺³Cl₃⁻³
The iron atom gives it three electrons to three atoms of chlorine and gain positive charge while chlorine atom accept the electron and form anion.
Answer:(4) ----accepts a proton
Explanation:
H2O water can produce both hydrogen and hydroxide ions
H2O --> H+ + OH-
According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, it can be a proton donor and a proton acceptor.this means that It can donate a hydrogen ion to become its conjugate base, or can accept a hydrogen ion to form its conjugate acid,
When , a water molecule, H2O accepts a proton it will act as a Brønsted-Lowry base especially when dissolved in a strong acidic medium. for eg
HCl + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + Cl−(aq)
Here, Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid and ionizes completely in water, since it is more acidic than water, the water will act as a base.
Answer:
Explanation:
1) a, b) A <em>solution</em><em> is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances</em>. The <em>solute</em><em> is the substance present in a smaller amount</em>, and the <em>solvent</em><em> is the substance present in a larger amount. </em>
c) <em>A </em><em>saturated solution</em><em> contains the maximum amount of a solute that will dissolve in a given solvent at a specific temperature. </em>
2) See picture in attachment.
Answer:
2.3 * 10^-5
Explanation:
Recall that the solubility of a solute is the amount of solute that dissolves in 1 dm^3 or 1000cm^3 of solution.
Hence;
Amount of calcium oxalate = 154 * 10^-3/128.097 g/mol = 1.2 * 10^-3 mols
From the question;
1.2 * 10^-3 mols dissolves in 250 mL
x moles dissolves in 1000mL
x = 1.2 * 10^-3 mols * 1000/250
x= 4.8 * 10^-3 moldm^-3
CaC2O4(s) ------->Ca^2+(aq) + C2O4^2-(aq)
Hence Ksp = [Ca^2+] [C2O4^2-]
Where;
[Ca^2+] = [C2O4^2-] = 4.8 * 10^-3 moldm^-3
Ksp = (4.8 * 10^-3)^2
Ksp = 2.3 * 10^-5
