Because the air in their wings helps them fly
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
a) FE = 0.764FG
b) a = 2.30 m/s^2
Explanation:
a) To compare the gravitational and electric force over the particle you calculate the following ratio:
 (1)
              (1)
FE: electric force
FG: gravitational force
q: charge of the particle = 1.6*10^-19 C
g: gravitational acceleration = 9.8 m/s^2
E: electric field = 103N/C
m: mass of the particle = 2.2*10^-15 g = 2.2*10^-18 kg
You replace the values of all parameters in the equation (1):

Then, the gravitational force is 0.764 times the electric force on the particle
b) 
The acceleration of the particle is obtained by using the second Newton law:

you replace the values of all variables:

hence, the acceleration of the particle is 2.30m/s^2, the minus sign means that the particle moves downward.
 
        
             
        
        
        
The zone that gases always accelerate upward is the Luminous flame zone. The fire plume is the column of hot gases, flames and smoke rising above a fire. Gases accelerate upward toward the always luminous flame zone. The luminous flame height is the distance between the base of a flame and the point at which the plume is luminous half the time and transparent half the time.